Resistance and control of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos as acaricide for control of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae)

Abstract

: Chemotherapeutic treatment is still the foundation of tick control programs. This study investigated the acaricidal efficacy of cypermethrin alone and in combination with chlorpyrifos against Haemaphysalis (H.) longicornis. Unfed larval ticks were exposed to 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL cypermethrin for 60 min, after which the acaricidal efficacy was examined based on tick mortality. All compounds showed similar suppression curves, with the best control being achieved by cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos (1 : 1 ratio) at 10 mg/mL. Effective cypermethrin concentrations for tick control were two to seven times higher than the recommended doses, indicating resistance by H. longicornis.

Transcriptomic comparison of cypermethrin‐susceptible and ‐tolerant Asian longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann)

“…Considering the main habitat of H. longicornis , the ticks may not be regularly exposed to pesticides, supporting the lack of cypermethrin resistance development in the H. longicornis tested here. However, on Jeju Island, Korea, where range horses and cattle have been constantly treated with pesticides for tick control, H. longicornis collected from these animals required a concentration of cypermethrin 2–7 times higher than the recommended dose to produce lethal effects (You 2014). Furthermore, medically important tick species, including R. microplus , the brown ear tick ( Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini & Fanzago), and the brown dog tick ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille), are controlled by pesticide treatment in the backyards of the USA, and development of pesticide resistance in these ticks has caused several social problems (Eiden et al .…”

Evaluation of the acaricidal activity of 63 commercialized pesticides against Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

“…However, resistance to various pesticides has been reported in many other studies (Abbas et al 2014;Bandara & Karunaratne 2017;Baxter et al 1999). Cypermethrin is 2-7-fold more resistant than the recommended dose against H. longicornis, and the mixed use of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos has been reported (You 2014). Organophosphate treatment (famphur, fenchlorphos, fenthion and temephos) via the 'pour-on' method for the control of H. longicornis in calves had no effect to reduce tick numbers, and treatment with avermectins (ivermectin, doramectin and abamectin) inhibited female tick ovarian development in rabbits (Doan et al 2013;Heath et al 1980).…”