“…One can readily envisage that pharmacological intervention targeting urothelial TRPV1 is a valid option for the treatment of lower urinary tract diseases. However, although regimens for intravesical administration of capsaicin and RTX to desensitize afferent nerve fibres showed beneficial effects in clinical trials regarding neurogenic detrusor hyperreflexia, interstitial cystitis, and bladder pain, the instability of efficacy and the possible adverse effects have prevented further clinical evaluation [ [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] , [170] , [171] , [172] , [173] , [174] , [175] , [176] , [177] , [178] ]. XEN-D0501, a novel oral TRPV1 antagonist of high interest, has not been investigated in clinical trial for overactive bladder, and it is unclear whether this is associated with the undesirable increase in body temperature observed during safety evaluation [ 179 ].…”