Resin Ion Exchange and Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Indium and Thallium from Chloride Media

Abstract

Separation procedures of indium and thallium for both future investigation of superheavy element 113 and fundamental research of its light homologues have been developed. Two chemical methods, namely ion exchange and solvent extraction, have been applied. Cation exchange behavior in hydrochloric acid media and the reversibility of the In and Tl elution order due to oxidation state of the latter are described. Extraction of Tl(I), Tl(III) and In(III) from aqueous HCl solutions with and without tri-n-butyl phosphate into the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, has been investigated. The extraction efficiencies of Tl(I) and In(III) have been found to be much lower than those of Tl(III) both with and without an organic ligand. The extraction mechanism is suggested. Suggestions for both Downloaded by [Hacettepe University] at 01:32 11 August 2015 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 liquid and gas phase experiments aimed at element 113 studies have been considered based on the results observed.

Thallium Transfer from Hydrochloric Acid Media into Pure Ionic Liquids

“…The thallium oxidation state in the 201 Tl stock solution was assigned to +1 according to our previous work . Bromine and chlorine water were utilized in order to maintain the highest thallium oxidation state.…”

“…38 The extraction of Tl(III) was investigated in the presence of the 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 39 and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride 40 ILs and their mixture, 41 with a recovery of 96% in the case of pure ILs and 77% for the combination of ILs, respectively. In our previous work, 42 the extraction of thallium from HCl solution into both pure 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and its mixture with 30% (v/v) of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was studied. Distribution ratios of Tl(I) in these two extraction systems were below 0.1.…”

“…The thallium oxidation state in the 201 Tl stock solution was assigned to +1 according to our previous work. 42 Bromine and chlorine water were utilized in order to maintain the highest thallium oxidation state. Two stock aqueous solutions of ∼10 −3 M of stable thallium were also prepared by dissolving a given quantity of Tl(III) chloride hydrate salt in 0.1 and 0.5 M HCl.…”

Solid Phase Extraction Method for Separation and Pre-concentration of Thallium in Water Samples Using a Novel Adsorbent

“…Various analytical procedures have been presented for pre-concentration (extraction) and removal of Tl, mainly based on liquid-liquid extraction and dispersive liquidliquid extraction (6)(7)(8), single drop liquid-phase microextraction (9), solid-phase extraction (SPE) and dispersive SPE (10-15), co-precipitation and ion-exchange (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Enrichment Process and Efficient Removal of Thallium from Steel Plant Desulfurization Wastewater

“…According to previous literature, the main methods for Tl removal from wastewater are chemical precipitation using jarosite [13,14], adsorption by metal oxides (e.g., Al 2 O 3 [15][16][17]), solvent extraction [18,19], and ionic exchange [20,21]. All these proposed methods are effective in Tl removal from synthetic wastewater that only contains Tl and/or simple wastewater systems, such as drinking water systems.…”