Resilience of harbor porpoises to anthropogenic disturbance: Must they really feed continuously?

Hoekendijk, Jeroen; Spitz, Jérôme; Read, Andrew J.; Leopold, M.F.; Fontaine, Michaël C.

doi:10.1111/mms.12446

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Finally, we wish to clarify two important misapprehensions of Hoekendijk et al . () with regard to our paper. Nowhere in our paper do we make the claim that porpoises do not feed on species of commercial interest: our echo analysis method provides little information on the prey species targeted.…”

Section: Buzz Rates Of the Five Harbor Porpoises In Wisniewska Et Almentioning

confidence: 80%

“…) has sparked an interesting discussion that has been thoughtfully summarized by Hoekendijk et al . (). In their correspondence, these authors commend our methodological approach but point out some potential shortcomings.…”

Section: Buzz Rates Of the Five Harbor Porpoises In Wisniewska Et Almentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This conclusion tallies with data from bycaught animals, as Hoekendijk et al . () also point out: with the exception of herring ( Clupea harengus ) and sandeels ( Ammodytes tobianus ), the majority of fish found in stomachs of porpoises from Inner Danish Waters are below the sizes of commercial interest for the given species (Sveegaard et al . ).…”

Section: Buzz Rates Of the Five Harbor Porpoises In Wisniewska Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response to “Resilience of harbor porpoises to anthropogenic disturbance: Must they really feed continuously?”

Wisniewska

Johnson

Teilmann

et al. 2017

Marine Mammal Science

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Section: Buzz Rates Of the Five Harbor Porpoises In Wisniewska Et Almentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Buzz Rates Of the Five Harbor Porpoises In Wisniewska Et Almentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Buzz Rates Of the Five Harbor Porpoises In Wisniewska Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response to “Resilience of harbor porpoises to anthropogenic disturbance: Must they really feed continuously?”

Wisniewska

Johnson

Teilmann

et al. 2017

Marine Mammal Science

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“…As highlighted in a recent discussion between Hoekendijk et al (2018) and Wisniewska et al (2018a), it is critical to establish what and how much porpoises eat to determine their ecological impact as top predators on the energy flow in shallow water ecosystems, to assess their potential overlap with human fisheries and to quantify the energetic consequences of disturbance from human encroachment, such as fishing, shipping and oil exploration. Here, we address that pertinent data gap by using a novel combination of captive and field studies to test the hypothesis that porpoises have metabolic rates comparable to similar-sized terrestrial mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High field metabolic rates of wild harbour porpoises

Rojano-Doñate

McDonald

Wisniewska

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Reliable estimates of field metabolic rates (FMRs) in wild animals are essential for quantifying their ecological roles, as well as for evaluating fitness consequences of anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, standard methods for measuring FMR are difficult to use on freeranging cetaceans whose FMR may deviate substantially from scaling predictions using terrestrial mammals. Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are among the smallest marine mammals, and yet they live in cold, high-latitude waters where their high surface-tovolume ratio suggests high FMRs to stay warm. However, published FMR estimates of harbour porpoises are contradictory, with some studies claiming high FMRs and others concluding that the energetic requirements of porpoises resemble those of similar-sized terrestrial mammals. Here, we address this controversy using data from a combination of captive and wild porpoises to estimate the FMR of wild porpoises. We show that FMRs of harbour porpoises are up to two times greater than for similar-sized terrestrial mammals, supporting the hypothesis that small, carnivorous marine mammals in cold water have elevated FMRs. Despite the potential cost of thermoregulation in colder water, harbour porpoise FMRs are stable over seasonally changing water temperatures. Varying heat loss seems to be managed via cyclical fluctuations in energy intake, which serve to build up a blubber layer that largely offsets the extra costs of thermoregulation during winter. Such high FMRs are consistent with the recently reported high feeding rates of wild porpoises and highlight concerns about the potential impact of human activities on individual fitness and population dynamics.

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“…3 Resources and diet specializations are known to be a major driver of cetacean evolution 4 as their radiation is linked to the colonization of new vacant ecological niches in response to 5 past changes (Slater et al, 2010). As small endothermic predators with elevated energetic needs, 6 limited energy storage capacity and a rapid reproductive cycle, porpoises are known for their 7 strong dependency on food availability (Hoekendijk et al, 2017;Koopman et al, 2002). These 8 characteristics reinforce the hypothesis that their adaptive radiation has been strongly shaped 9 by historical variation in food resources and should also be visible at the intraspecific level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history of the porpoises (Phocoenidae) across the speciation continuum: a mitogenome phylogeographic perspective

Chehida

Thumloup²,

Schumacher

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Historical changes affecting food resources are a major driver of cetacean evolution. Small cetaceans like porpoises (Phocoenidae) are among the most metabolically challenged marine mammals and are particularly sensitive to changes in their food resources. The seven species of this family inhabit mostly temperate waters and constitute a textbook example of antitropical distribution. Yet, their evolutionary history remains poorly known despite major conservation issues threatening the survival of some porpoises (e.g., vaquita and Yangzte finless porpoises). Here, we reconstructed their evolutionary history across the speciation continuum, from intraspecific subdivisions to species divergence. Phylogenetic analyses of 63 mitochondrial genomes suggest that, like other toothed whales, porpoises radiated during the Pliocene in response to deep environmental changes. However, all intra-specific phylogeographic patterns were shaped during the Quaternary Glaciations. We observed analogous evolutionary patterns in both hemispheres associated with convergent adaptations to coastal versus oceanic environments. This result suggests that the mechanism(s) driving species diversification in the relatively well-known species from the northern hemisphere may apply also to the poorly-known southern species. In contrast to previous studies, we showed that the spectacled and Burmeister’s porpoises share a more recent common ancestor than with the vaquita that diverged from southern species during the Pliocene. The low genetic diversity observed in the vaquita carried signatures of a very low population size throughout at least the last 5,000 years, leaving one single relict mitochondrial lineage. Finally, we observed unreported subspecies level divergence within Dall’s, spectacled and Pacific harbor porpoises, suggesting a richer evolutionary history than previously suspected. These results provide a new perspective on the mechanism driving the adaptation and speciation processes involved in the diversification of cetacean species. This knowledge can illuminate their demographic trends and provide an evolutionary framework for their conservation.

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Resilience of harbor porpoises to anthropogenic disturbance: Must they really feed continuously?

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Response to “Resilience of harbor porpoises to anthropogenic disturbance: Must they really feed continuously?”

Response to “Resilience of harbor porpoises to anthropogenic disturbance: Must they really feed continuously?”

High field metabolic rates of wild harbour porpoises

Evolutionary history of the porpoises (Phocoenidae) across the speciation continuum: a mitogenome phylogeographic perspective

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