Resilience metrics for improved process-risk decision making: Survey, analysis and application

Resilience of Process Plant: What, Why, and How Resilience Can Improve Safety and Sustainability

“…This work was followed by another five years (2013-2018) of research resulting in a much sharper contour on process resilience definition, resilience concepts, metrics, and demonstration of practical methods for process systems in the way of process resilience analysis framework (PRAF) (Jain et al [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]). These papers respectively addressed the necessity of resilience [21], its elements [22], the framework and how that works out at the plant system level [23], the same with regards to management system level [24], resilience metrics with weights [25], predictability of process abnormal situations/upsets given resilience metrics' outcomes illustrated by a batch plant case study [26] and [27], resilience analysis-based data-driven maintenance optimization on a cooling tower case [28], how resilience can be part of a conceptual process design and technology selection phase [29], and finally, what a state of good resilience can mean for business continuity and sustainability [30]. In the next few sections, more details will be described.…”

“…In addition, culture-based attitude and motivation are important. For these, resilience indicators proposed by Jain et al [25] will be discussed in the next section. The risk assessments should also include uncertainty analysis as this information is important for optimally informed decision making.…”

“…As explained in previous sections, the state of resilience of a facility depends on technical and social factors. Hence, the contributing factors based on different principles are proposed by Dinh et al [19] as depicted in Figure 2, and the resilience metrics that have been developed by Jain et al [25], are addressing both aspects. The resilience metrics drafted by Jain et al [25] can be referred from Table 14 of [25].…”

“…The resilience indicator metrics [25] are all quantitative in terms of a number or a percentage per time unit, e.g., a year, and therefore metrics in the true sense; authors covered all three phases with the following metrics: Avoidance, which requires an event is predicted, survival applying plasticity, and recovery stating with emergency response. A survey questionnaire with proposed indicators and graded importance questions to answer was sent around to industry, academia, and government [25]; 251 recipients responded, of which a large majority (72%) had process safety experience, while 85% of respondents worked in industry or as a consultant for industry. The graded questions utilized a Likert scale: 4-essential, 3-important, 2-helpful, and 1-unnecessary.…”

“…In Table 14 of [25], the resilience indicator metrics are listed together with the weights that resulted from the survey. There are 26 metrics of which some are relevant for more than one of the phases.…”