Resilience, Fragility, and Robustness: Cities and COVID-19

Hunter, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/j.ugj.2021.11.004

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, robustness seems to be more important. This opinion is shared by Hunter (2021). He noted that whilst cities have made significant investments to become smarter and more resilient, large-scale shocks (e.g., lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic) require such robust, adaptable and unique solutions that this focus may not be enough.…”

Section: The Concepts Of Crisis Resilience and Crisis Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Knowledge‑intensive Business Services Sector Crisis‑robust or Crisis‑resilient? A Comparative Study of European Union Countries

Wyszkowska‑Kuna

2023

CER

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The paper examines the crisis robustness and resilience of the knowledge‑intensive business services (KIBS) sector. The hypothesis is tested that the KIBS sector is crisis‑robust rather than crisis‑resilient. The study covers 2000–2021, divided into two crisis periods (the global financial crisis and the COVID–19 pandemic) and three non‑crisis periods. The growth rates of value added and employment for the sectors and periods covered by the study are compared. The study is based on data from Eurostat, and it refers to the EU–27, making it possible to carry out comparative research between EU countries, as well as between the EU members before 2004 (i.e., the EU–14 or ‘old’ members) and those who joined in 2004 or later (i.e., the EU–13 or ‘new’ members). The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of crisis resilience and crisis robustness in both scientific research and policy strategies, as well as to pay more attention to the issue of crisis robustness. It also makes a contribution by indicating that KIBS have significant potential to contribute to building crisis resilience and crisis robustness in the companies that use them and in the whole economic system. The empirical results demonstrate that the KIBS sub‑sectors, i.e., computer and information services and professional, scientific and technical services, are crisis‑robust, which is not the case for the manufacturing sector. The KIBS sector’s ability to maintain stable growth during crisis periods is more visible than for other service industries. The Polish sector of professional, scientific and technical services showed the most stable upward trend through all analysed periods. Poland also recorded impressive growth in value added in computer and information services during the pandemic period, but when considering the whole period, other countries achieved better results, e.g., Romania.

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Section: The Concepts Of Crisis Resilience and Crisis Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Knowledge‑intensive Business Services Sector Crisis‑robust or Crisis‑resilient? A Comparative Study of European Union Countries

Wyszkowska‑Kuna

2023

CER

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“…Recent studies have focused on cross-referencing urban data to determine or spatially understand the impacts of the virus. For example, Hananel et al (2022) study the neighbourhood relationship and its homogeneity in the urban structure, while Hunter (2021) analyses urban fragility and resilience from a social policy and governance approach. On the other hand, Yao, Shi, Zhang, Liu, & Luo (2021) recently discussed the effects of the built environment on Covid-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Space Syntax Approach: Covid-19 and Socio-Spatial Inequalities in Bogotá, Colombia

Barbosa¹,

Thoene²,

Alonso³

et al. 2023

ACE: Architecture, City and Environment

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Durant els darrers tres anys, governs de tot el món han implementat diverses mesures de política pública per mitigar els efectes multifacètics del virus Covid-19 des de la seva declaració oficial com a pandèmia per l’Organització Mundial de la Salut (OMS) el març de 2020. Aquest estudi exploratori té com a objectiu comprendre els impactes de Covid-19, considerant els patrons socio-espacials urbans i les disparitats socioeconòmiques a Bosa i Chapinero, dos districtes de Bogotà, la ciutat capital de Colòmbia, Sud-amèrica. Utilitzant la caracterització socioeconòmica proporcionada per l’Oficina d’Estadístiques de Colòmbia, el Departament Administratiu Nacional d’Estadística (DANE), i dades consolidades sobre les taxes de mortalitat, nivells d’infecció i ús d’unitats de cures intensives de l’Alcaldia de Bogotà, aquest Estudi pretén avaluar l’impacte de Covid-19 en aquests dos districtes marcadament diferents en termes d'estatus socioeconòmic i planificació urbana per a una mobilitat segura i equitativa. Utilitzant la Sintaxi Espacial com a metodologia, podem examinar la morfologia urbana i entendre el comportament social, la connectivitat, la integració, i la planificació urbana en una gran metròpolis del Sud Global com a Bogotà. A través de la lent d’un concepte de sindèmia, aquest estudi analitza la interacció de múltiples condicions de salut intensificades per la desigualtat social. Subratlla l’efecte amplificador de la desigualtat social en l'impacte de Covid-19, especialment en àrees urbanes densament poblades amb alts nivells de pobresa i deficients condicions i infraestructures de salut. Aquesta investigació suggereix que la densitat urbana i la mobilitat podrien afectar l’eficàcia de les mesures de confinament, empitjorant així potencialment les desigualtats de salut preexistents. Els autors conclouen aquest estudi de cas i suggereixen possibles vies per a futures investigacions a Colòmbia i més enllà. Over the past three years, governments across the globe have enacted various public policy measures to mitigate the multifaceted effects of the Covid-19 virus since its official declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. This exploratory study aims to comprehend the impacts of Covid-19, considering urban socio-spatial patterns and socio-economic disparities in Bosa and Chapinero, two boroughs of Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, South America. Using the socio-economic characterisation provided by the Colombian Statistics Office, National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), and consolidated data on mortality rates, infection levels, and intensive care unit usage from the Bogotá Mayor’s Office, this study aims to assess the impact of Covid-19 in these two distinctly different boroughs in terms of socio-economic status and urban planning for safe and equitable mobility. Utilising Space Syntax as a methodology, we can examine urban morphology and understand social behaviour, connectivity, integration, and urban planning in a major metropolis of the Global South such as Bogotá. Through the lens of a syndemic concept, this study analyses the interplay of multiple health conditions intensified by social inequality. It underlines the amplifying effect of social inequality on the Covid-19 impact, especially in densely populated urban areas with high poverty levels and poor health conditions and infrastructure. This research suggests that urban density and mobility might affect the efficacy of lockdown measures, thus potentially worsening pre-existing health inequalities. The authors conclude this case study and suggest potential avenues for future research in Colombia and beyond. Durante los últimos tres años, gobiernos de todo el mundo han implementado diversas medidas de política pública para mitigar los efectos multifacéticos del virus Covid-19 desde su declaración oficial como pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en marzo de 2020. Este estudio exploratorio tiene como objetivo comprender los impactos de Covid-19, considerando los patrones socioespaciales urbanos y las disparidades socioeconómicas en Bosa y Chapinero, dos distritos de Bogotá, la ciudad capital de Colombia, Sudamérica. Utilizando la caracterización socioeconómica proporcionada por la Oficina de Estadísticas de Colombia, el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), y datos consolidados sobre las tasas de mortalidad, niveles de infección, y uso de unidades de cuidados intensivos de la Alcaldía de Bogotá, este estudio pretende evaluar el impacto de Covid-19 en estos dos distritos marcadamente diferentes en términos de estatus socioeconómico y planificación urbana para una movilidad segura y equitativa. Utilizando la Sintaxis Espacial como metodología, podemos examinar la morfología urbana y entender el comportamiento social, la conectividad, la integración, y la planificación urbana en una gran metrópolis del Sur Global como Bogotá. A través de la lente de un concepto de sindemia, este estudio analiza la interacción de múltiples condiciones de salud intensificadas por la desigualdad social. Subraya el efecto amplificador de la desigualdad social en el impacto de Covid-19, especialmente en áreas urbanas densamente pobladas con altos niveles de pobreza y condiciones e infraestructuras de salud deficientes. Esta investigación sugiere que la densidad urbana y la movilidad podrían afectar la eficacia de las medidas de confinamiento, empeorando así potencialmente las desigualdades de salud preexistentes. Los autores concluyen este estudio de caso y sugieren posibles vías para futuras investigaciones en Colombia y más allá.

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“…At the onset of the pandemic, it became quite clear that foundational inequities embedded within a city's social fabric were system vulnerabilities leading to reduced capacity to respond to and absorb shocks when a crisis materializes ( Hunter 2021 ). The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified existing weaknesses of supply chains and the purchasing power of consumers through closures, job losses, restricted mobility, and vaccine mandates, raising questions over who is capable of or responsible for ensuring food security and food system resilience during times of crises ( Béné et al, 2016 , O'Hara and Toussaint, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified existing weaknesses of supply chains and the purchasing power of consumers through closures, job losses, restricted mobility, and vaccine mandates, raising questions over who is capable of or responsible for ensuring food security and food system resilience during times of crises ( Béné et al, 2016 , O'Hara and Toussaint, 2021 ). While several municipal governments in Canada are engaging in food system resilience discourse and have explored strategies to adapt to shifts in their environments [see ( City of Toronto 2021 , City of Vancouver 2020 )], cities are still not adequately addressing underlying and systemic inequalities and the range of governance actors that are supporting those most impacted, that can thereby support the realization of broader system resilience ( Hunter 2021 ). This requires coordination between various governance actors and sectors including those involved in food production, procurement, distribution, as well as those offering social service support ( Kapucu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards equitable & resilient post-pandemic urban food systems: The role of community-based organizations

Regnier-Davies¹,

Edge²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

Urban Governance

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Resilience, Fragility, and Robustness: Cities and COVID-19

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Is the Knowledge‑intensive Business Services Sector Crisis‑robust or Crisis‑resilient? A Comparative Study of European Union Countries

Is the Knowledge‑intensive Business Services Sector Crisis‑robust or Crisis‑resilient? A Comparative Study of European Union Countries

A Space Syntax Approach: Covid-19 and Socio-Spatial Inequalities in Bogotá, Colombia

Towards equitable & resilient post-pandemic urban food systems: The role of community-based organizations

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