Resilience Assessment in Electricity Critical Infrastructure from the Point of View of Converged Security

Hromada, Martin; Řehák, David; Lukáš, Luděk

doi:10.3390/en14061624

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Resilience within the context of CI firstly appeared in 2009 [2], but this definition was expanded in 2012 by the US National Academies of Science in order to include preparation and planning and was expressed as "the system's ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and successfully adapt to disruptive events" [22]. Since then, there has been no essential change in the perception of CI resilience, which is also illustrated by the definitions of CI resilience given in several important publications within this period [11,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. All of the definitions found in these studies are oriented towards the so-called technical resilience, which refers to critical infrastructure elements (CIEs) and is expressed by their absorption capacity and their ability to recover and adapt to incidents that have occurred.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Resistance in the Context of Critical Infrastructure Resilience: An Extension of the CIERA Method

Rehak,

Flynnova,

Hromada

et al. 2023

Systems

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Technical sectors compose an inseparable and elementary part of a complex critical infrastructure (CI) system. Their provided services are essential to the functioning of all of the dependent sectors of CI on which society and states depend, especially in areas experiencing high levels of urbanisation. The initial point for effective CI elements’ protection is the permanent assessment and strengthening of their capacity for resilience to the negative effects of internal and external threats. The current perceptions of resilience focus primarily on repressive components responsive to incidents (i.e., robustness, recoverability, and adaptability), while minimal attention is paid to the preventative components. The article’s contribution to this literature gap is its definition of resistance, which can be considered as a CI element’s ability to prevent the occurrence of incidents. To this goal, the current study defines (1) the individual factors (variables and parameters) determining CI resistance and (2) the methodological procedure for infrastructure element resistance assessment in order to identify the weak points throughout a complex CI system and subsequently strengthen them. Moreover, a practical example of resistance assessment for a selected critical energy infrastructure element is presented. The main outcome of this article is the definition of the primary steps for the expansion of the CIERA method, via the enhancement of CI components’ resilience capacity in the prevention phase.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Resistance in the Context of Critical Infrastructure Resilience: An Extension of the CIERA Method

Rehak,

Flynnova,

Hromada

et al. 2023

Systems

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“…Specific resilience assessment methods include the Converged Resilience Assessment (CRA) method (Hromada et al 2021). This method serves to determine the resilience metric for critical electrical engineering infrastructure elements based on converged safety, which combines physical, cybernetic and operational safety.…”

Section: Assessing the Resilience Of Dependent Subsystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen from the methods described that several components determine the resilience of a subsystem. These components are resistance, robustness, recoverability, and adaptability, which were most frequently present in the specified methods (NIAC 2009;Rehak et al 2020;Hromada et al 2021). Each of the components is characterised by a particular ability of the subsystem.…”

Section: Assessing the Resilience Of Dependent Subsystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1st group is the area on which the given method focuses. So, the methods can focus on electricity (Hromada et al 2021), organisational resilience (Rehak 2020), technical resilience (Cai et al 2018), associated infrastructure (Nan, Sansavini 2017) or critical infrastructure in general (Rehak et al 2019;Kozine et al 2018;Prior 2015;Petit et al 2013;NIAC 2009). Moreover, it is possible to comprehensively evaluate these methods for just one resilience component or resilience.…”

Section: Assessing the Resilience Of Dependent Subsystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Impacts From Disruption of Road Infrastructure Element Performance on Dependent Subsystems: Methodological Framework

et al. 2022

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The critical infrastructure system is determined by subsystems essential for the functioning of the state (such as energy, transport, and emergency services). Disruption to the function of these subsystems would have serious effects on state security, the state economy, and the provisioning of the inhabitants’ basic human needs. Links connect these subsystems (i.e., sectors, subsectors, and elements), and these links ensure that certain subsystems are integrated into each other. Their interactions are derived from the type and intensity of the mutual link. The interlinked subsystems can thus be divided into influencing and dependent ones. The aforementioned mutual links in the critical infrastructure system allow, amongst other things, the spread of impacts of disruptive events amongst the subsystems via cascading effects. Disruptions to the performance of an influencing subsystem may have negative effects on a dependent subsystem, resulting in the spread of cascading effects in the critical infrastructure system. Such effects are often difficult to predict, which reduces the responsiveness of the dependent subsystems. Road transport is one of the most significant influences on critical infrastructure subsystems. For this reason, the article focuses on an indication of the negative effects of disruption of road infrastructure elements on dependent subsystems. The article describes the role of road infrastructure in the context of the critical infrastructure system. Defines the dependent subsystems of road infrastructure, categorises the negative effects, and presents a possible approach to assessing the adverse effects of disruption road infrastructure performance on dependent subsystems.

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“…Figure 1 depicts the proposed approach in more detail. The approach gives an explanation for a layout of the resilience assessment from the viewpoint of converged security [29]. The scholars of the paper named "A quantitative method for assessing resilience of interdependent infrastructures" gave their attention to resolving the issue of resilience assessment of mutually dependent infrastructures.…”

Section: Analysis Of Approaches Towards the Resilience Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Framework for Resilience Assessment of Electricity Infrastructure in Conditions of Slovak Republic

Dvořák

Chovančíková

Bruk

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The quality of the environment as well as public health is convincingly coupled with the functioning of a power subsector. The power subsector plays a pivotal role in the sense that it emerges as the key cross-sectional element for the society’s functioning (production, services, healthcare, education and others). A modern society consists of infrastructure systems that are primarily dependent on continuous electricity supplies. Each and every element of the electric power infrastructure is unique, and thus, its malfunction can disrupt the functioning of an important part of the electric power infrastructure. In conjunction with ensuring the functioning of electric power infrastructure, our attention must be drawn to the resilience issue. As far as the resilience of electric power infrastructure is concerned, it can resist weather-related events ensuring there are no disruptions in continuous electricity supplies. First, in the introductory part, the article presents the legal framework in the Slovak Republic. Second, it describes the current state of the electric power infrastructure of Slovakia. Third, it handles the state of the level of security risk assessment. Later on, in the literature review, besides turning to the issue of resilience assessment, the authors focused on the area of resilience of power engineering. Furthermore, the article scrutinizes resilience assessment in Slovakia, and it briefly examines approaches towards natural threats. In addition, the article demonstrates several approaches towards flood resilience. Having used different methods, the primary concern is to devise a framework for resilience assessment. Therefore, the included case study examines aspects of the proposed framework for resilience assessment. In conclusion, our aim was, in most respects, to outline an innovative methodological framework for increasing the resilience of electricity infrastructure.

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Resilience Assessment in Electricity Critical Infrastructure from the Point of View of Converged Security

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

The Importance of Resistance in the Context of Critical Infrastructure Resilience: An Extension of the CIERA Method

The Importance of Resistance in the Context of Critical Infrastructure Resilience: An Extension of the CIERA Method

Negative Impacts From Disruption of Road Infrastructure Element Performance on Dependent Subsystems: Methodological Framework

Methodological Framework for Resilience Assessment of Electricity Infrastructure in Conditions of Slovak Republic

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