Resilience and self-regulation processes of microalgae under UV radiation stress

Rastogi, Rajesh P.; Madamwar, Datta; Nakamoto, Hitoshi; Incharoensakdi, Aran

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100322

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 462 publications

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“…Furthermore, due to the ozone depletion, the amount of UV reaching Earth tends to increase [ 2 ]. In order to circumvent the photodamage, several organisms have evolved biochemical and mechanical defenses [ 3 ]. Among these is the ability to synthesize UV-screening compounds such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids (in higher plants), melanin (in animals), mycosporines, mycosporine-like amino acids (in cyanobacteria, fungi, algae and animals) and several other photoprotective compounds [ 4 ].…”

Section: Ultraviolet Radiation and Natural Uv-absorbing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs): Biology, Chemistry and Identification Features

Geraldes

Pinto

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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Mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids are ultra-violet-absorbing compounds produced by several organisms such as lichens, fungi, algae and cyanobacteria, especially upon exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. These compounds have photoprotective and antioxidant functions. Mycosporine-like amino acids have been used as a natural bioactive ingredient in cosmetic products. Several reviews have already been developed on these photoprotective compounds, but they focus on specific features. Herein, an extremely complete database on mycosporines and mycosporine-like amino acids, covering the whole class of these natural sunscreen compounds known to date, is presented. Currently, this database has 74 compounds and provides information about the chemistry, absorption maxima, protonated mass, fragments and molecular structure of these UV-absorbing compounds as well as their presence in organisms. This platform completes the previous reviews and is available online for free and in the public domain. This database is a useful tool for natural product data mining, dereplication studies, research working in the field of UV-absorbing compounds mycosporines and being integrated in mass spectrometry library software.

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Section: Ultraviolet Radiation and Natural Uv-absorbing Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs): Biology, Chemistry and Identification Features

Geraldes

Pinto

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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“…The difference in EC 50 values could be explained by the different sensitivity of various microalgal species [15]. EC 50 values gradually grew larger between 4 and 11 days, indicating that R. subcapitata develop adaptive mechanisms and/or the tested antibiotics are transformed into small molecules of low toxicity [16]. A couple of studies have investigated the effects of SMX and ERY on the growth of other algal species, whereas an evident difference in species sensitivity was detected (Table 2).…”

Section: Toxicity Of Smz Smx and Their Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Sulfamethoxazole and Erythromycin on a Freshwater Microalga, Raphidocelis subcapitata: Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the environmental effects of two familiar emerging contaminants, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and erythromycin (ERY), and their mixture (10:1 w/w) using a green microalga, R. subcapitata. The cell density, pigment content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. The calculated EC50 values of SMX, ERY, and their mixture after 96 h were 0.49, 0.044, and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. High concentrations of antibiotics lead to a decrease in chlorophyll a and total carotenoid content, affecting the ability to photosynthesize ROS scavenging capacity. This may be a factor leading to the inhibition of algal growth. When R. subcapitata was exposed to SMX and the mixture, SOD and CAT increased to resist oxidative damage, while the activities of GSH and GST decreased, suggesting that this algae’s antioxidant system was unbalanced due to oxidative stress. R. subcapitata reduced the ERY-induced ROS by increasing the activities of SOD, GSH, and GST. The difference in the contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants and enzyme antioxidants in R. subcapitata indicated the antioxidant mechanisms to SMX and ERY were not identical. This study provides insights into the oxidative stress process in R. subcapitata under different antibiotics.

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“…The light induced Thr dephosphorylation response, and thus activation of the BiP chaperone activity, may be part of a protective mechanism that allows the cells to contend with a number of new external conditions imposed by the irradiated light, and that are translated as stressful conditions to the cells. A number of these could be the light incidence itself and generation of ROS (Erickson et al, 2015), and UV irradiation (Rastogi et al, 2020) when the stimulus involved is daylight. In line with this hypothesis, stressful conditions such as heat stress would produce similar effects in the activation/inactivation of the chaperone that should be detected as changes in its level of Thr phosphorylation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-stimulated dephosphorylation of the BiP-like protein, SmicHSP75 (SBiP1) from Symbiodinium microadriaticum is inhibited by elevated but not low temperature and suggests regulation of the chaperone function

2022

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Specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes are fundamental for the transduction of external stimuli into physiological responses. A few of these processes appear to be modulated by light in cultured Symbiodinium microadriaticum since the BiP-like protein SmicHSP75 undergoes threonine dephosphorylation upon light stimuli. Several isoforms of the protein are encoded in the S. microadriaticum genome and thus, we identified and heterologously expressed a specific sequence corresponding to the previously identified SmicHSP75 isoform to obtain a highly specific antibody. We then determined by western blot analysis, that the detected light-stimulated changes in SmicHSP75 threonine phosphorylation were not due to changes in the protein expression and explored further the effect of lower than normal and higher stressful temperature, on the phosphorylation levels of the protein. Upon long-term (12 h) exposure of the cells to the low temperature of 21ºC under darkness, the protein was found significantly phosphorylated; however, light exposure for 30 min caused a dephosphorylation effect like the 26ºC control treatment. On the other hand, in cells exposed to 32ºC for 12 h under darkness, the highly Thr-phosphorylated SmicHSP75 was converted to a low-level phosphorylated protein. Likewise, short term (30 min) exposure to 32ºC under dark conditions caused dephosphorylation of the protein, similar to what was observed upon long-term exposure to 32ºC and upon light stimulation of cells under the normal temperature of 26ºC. These data suggested activation/inactivation of the chaperone function of SmicHSP75 by regulation of its Thr phosphorylation levels under heat stress conditions in Symbiodinium microadriaticum, independent of changes in protein expression.

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Resilience and self-regulation processes of microalgae under UV radiation stress

Cited by 52 publications

References 462 publications

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs): Biology, Chemistry and Identification Features

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs): Biology, Chemistry and Identification Features

Combined Effects of Sulfamethoxazole and Erythromycin on a Freshwater Microalga, Raphidocelis subcapitata: Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

Light-stimulated dephosphorylation of the BiP-like protein, SmicHSP75 (SBiP1) from Symbiodinium microadriaticum is inhibited by elevated but not low temperature and suggests regulation of the chaperone function

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