Resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder among disaster affected persons attending Primary Health Care, Uttarakhand, India

C, Deiveegan; Nisha, Catherin; Navya, C J; Alan, P; Pretesh, K; Joseph, Bobby

doi:10.4103/2347-9019.175676

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The American Psychiatric Association defines traumatic event as psychologically distressing, outside the range of usual human experience markedly distressing to almost everyone [ 1 , 2 ]. Disasters, both natural and manmade cause community level traumatic reactions and can result in various physical and psychological effects on individual life in terms of personal and daily functioning [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disasters, both natural and manmade cause community level traumatic reactions and can result in various physical and psychological effects on individual life in terms of personal and daily functioning [ 3 , 4 ]. Previous systematic reviews have documented that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly studied and reported psychiatric morbidity among survivors of natural disasters worldwide [ 1 , 5 , 6 ]. PTSD is a condition that arises as a delayed reaction to highly threatening or catastrophic situations characterised by persistent intrusive memories, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and persistent symptoms of increased arousal [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents following floods- a comparative study from private and public schools in Kerala, India

et al. 2021

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Introduction Disasters can have deep physical and psychological impact among survivors. An extraordinary southwest monsoon has unleashed floods and landslides in Kerala state in 2018. Adolescents are more vulnerable to psychological impairment after a disaster and trauma during initial stages of life can etch an indelible signature in the individual’s development and may lead to future disorders. Objectives 1. To screen for PTSD and associated factors among adolescents 8 months post floods in selected schools in flood-affected areas of Alleppey district of Kerala 2. To compare the proportion of adolescents screened positive for PTSD in public and private schools. Methodology A 3-month, Cross-sectional study was done among 670 adolescents in private and public schools using stratified sampling in Alleppey district. The study tool included a structured questionnaire that collected information on sociodemographics, flood-related variables, Trauma screening questionnaire and academic performance. Results The mean age of the participants was 16.03 ± 0.73 years with almost equal gender distribution. One-third of students reported flood-related damage to house/property, and a few lost their pets. Nearly 50% of the students reported that they still re-experience and get upsetting memories about flood events. The prevalence of probable PTSD noted to be 34.9%. We observed that 31% of students in public school screened positive for PTSD compared to 38.8% of private school students. (odds ratio = 1.409, CI 1.024–1.938). Male gender (Odds ratio = 1.503, CI 1.093–2.069), higher age (Odds ratio = 1.701, CI 1.120–2.585), damage during floods (Odds ratio = 2.566, CI 1.814–3.630), presence of morbidity (Odds ratio = 3.568, CI 1.888–6.743), camp stay (Odds ratio = 3.788, CI 2.364–6.067) and loss of pets (Odds ratio = 3.932, CI 2.019–7.657) were the factors significantly associated with PTSD. We noted a deterioration in academic performance in 45.9% of students who screened positive for PTSD. Conclusion and recommendations High prevalence of stress disorder highlights the need for early identification and intervention for PTSD and including trained counsellors as a part of the disaster management team in future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents following floods- a comparative study from private and public schools in Kerala, India

et al. 2021

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“…A similar study done in Uttarakhand to screen for PTSD showed a prevalence of 67% among adults. [ 3 ] Considering this prevalence, at a 95% confidence interval, 10% relative precision, and 5% non-response rate, our minimum sample size was calculated to be 200. Based on the experience of residents with floods (no flooding in the recent past, a mild level of flooding in the past, and a moderate level of flooding in the past), three districts were considered for data collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past 40 years, numerous epidemiological studies have examined the psychological consequences of natural and man-made disasters. [ 1 2 3 ] These studies have shown that disasters can induce short- and long-term psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence, and abuse. [ 4 ] There could be many reasons for this psychological impact, including increased apprehensions, terror, anxiety, and miseries related to the disaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American Psychiatric Association defines a traumatic event as psychologically distressing, outside the range of usual human experience markedly distressing to almost everyone. [ 3 5 ] Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that arises as a delayed reaction to extremely threatening or catastrophic, brief or long-lasting, situations. PTSD is characterized by persistent intrusive memories about the traumatic event, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and persistent symptoms of increased arousal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community-based screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims – A cross-sectional study from Kerala, India

Mathew,

Varghese,

Paulose

et al. 2024

Indian Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: Natural disasters like floods have various physical and psychological effects on victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that arises as a delayed reaction to extraordinarily threatening or catastrophic situations. Aim: The objective was to screen for PTSD and associated factors among victims residing in the flood-affected areas of Kerala, India. Methodology: A community-based screening for PTSD was done among 600 flood victims residing in three selected districts (Pathanamthitta, Alleppey, and Kottayam) of Kerala. A trauma screening questionnaire was used to screen for PTSD. Results: More than 90% of them had to stay in relief camps during floods. More than 80% had damage to houses, followed by loss of domestic animals and vehicle damage. Among participants, 298 (49.7%) screened positive for PTSD 3 months post disaster. No previous history of flooding, odds ratio (OR) = 8.6 [confidence interval (CI) 5.7–13.1]; younger age, OR = 1.41 (CI 1–1.9); higher family income, OR = 4.2 (CI 2.5–6.8); education, OR = 1.4 (CI 1–2.1); flood-related morbidity, OR = 8.8 (CI 5.3–14.8); and death of a family member, OR = 3.4 (CI 1.2–9.3), were the factors that were found to be significantly associated with stress among respondents. Conclusion: Almost 50% of flood victims were screened positive for PTSD. This study’s findings reiterate the need to provide psychological support as a priority along with other disaster control measures.

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Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Sharpe

Davison

2021

BMJ Open

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IntroductionClimate change and climate-related disasters adversely affect mental health. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disasters and often lack adequate mental healthcare infrastructure. We used the scoping review methodology to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among those living in LMICs. We also aimed to recognise existing gaps in this area of literature.MethodsThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. To identify relevant studies, we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. We also searched the grey literature. Included studies had an adult-focused LMIC population, a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome. Relevant study information was extracted and synthesised.ResultsFifty-eight studies were identified, most of which (n=48) employed a cross-sectional design. The most commonly studied exposure–outcome combinations were flood-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=28), flood-related depression (n=15) and storm-related PTSD (n=13). The majority of studies identified a positive exposure–outcome association. However, few studies included a baseline or comparator (ie, unexposed) group, thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude or nature of this association. There was also great heterogeneity in this literature, making studies difficult to pool or compare. Several research gaps were identified including the lack of longitudinal studies and non-uniformity of geographic coverage.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this was the first scoping review to investigate the relationship between climate change and climate-related disaster exposures and mental disorder outcomes in LMICs. Our findings support the need for further research, but also highlight that mental health should be a priority within LMIC climate change policy considerations.

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Resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder among disaster affected persons attending Primary Health Care, Uttarakhand, India

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents following floods- a comparative study from private and public schools in Kerala, India

Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents following floods- a comparative study from private and public schools in Kerala, India

Community-based screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims – A cross-sectional study from Kerala, India

Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

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