Resilience and alcohol use in adulthood in the United States: A scoping review

Cusack, Shannon E.; Wright, Anna W.; Amstadter, Ananda B.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107442

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…If resilience does truly buffer against the effects of TE, to examine the construct validly, resilience at one time-point would be hypothesized to protect an individual against the development of symptoms following future TE, requiring the use of longitudinal data. However, in a recent systematic review of the literature (Cusack & Amstadter, 2020) on resilience and alcohol-related phenotypes, only two of 20 studies identified for inclusion employed a longitudinal research design (Green et al, 2014; Wong et al, 2006). These studies demonstrated that lower resilience at baseline was related to a higher likelihood of alcohol misuse 1 year later (Green et al, 2014), and that children with greater resilience were less likely to begin using alcohol in adolescence (Wong et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The buffering hypothesis necessitates a test of moderation by design. Yet, in the same systematic review of resilience and alcohol phenotypes (Cusack & Amstadter, 2020), only two studies tested a true moderation model (Morgan et al, 2018; Wingo et al, 2014), but using cross-sectional data. Findings demonstrated that resilience does indeed interact with stressors to predict alcohol related problems (Morgan et al, 2018), and further, resilience interacts with severity of TE to protect against harmful alcohol use (Wingo et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The longitudinal buffering effects of resilience on alcohol use outcomes.

Cusack¹,

Bountress²,

Sheerin³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective: Traumatic events (TE) are a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Resilience may be protective of the effects of TE exposure, but few studies have longitudinally tested the buffering hypothesis. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this gap. Method: Participants (N = 6,015) were from a longitudinal investigation into substance use and health outcomes at a large, urban university. Participants completed self-report measures on precollege internalizing symptoms and lifetime trauma load. Resilience was calculated as a quantitative variable. At each of the follow-up assessments, participants reported on past month consumption, AUD symptoms, and new onset TEs. Longitudinal path modeling was used to test interactions. Results: Higher new onset TE load was associated with greater AUD symptoms, and higher consumption at one time-point. Results demonstrate a significant main effect of resilience at Y1S and Y3S, and a significant interaction between resilience and new onset TE at the last time-point, whereby higher levels of new onset TE were associated with higher levels of AUD symptoms at low (β = .19, p < .001), and average (β = .20, p = .001) levels of resilience. This effect was attenuated at high levels of resilience (β = .07, p = .051). No significant main nor interaction effects of resilience on consumption were found. Conclusions: Findings suggest resilience as an important protective factor in relation to the development of AUD symptoms after exposure to a TE, though perhaps less so in relation to consumption. Findings are consistent with prior work demonstrating that AUD symptoms are more clinically relevant than consumption in this population.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal buffering effects of resilience on alcohol use outcomes.

Cusack¹,

Bountress²,

Sheerin³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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“…Recently, ego‐resiliency and social support have been noticed as key protective factors in the relationship between drinking motives and drinking problems (Cusack et al., 2023; Sanchez et al., 2022). Ego‐resiliency is a dynamic capacity of an individual that enables them to adapt to changing environmental contexts by modifying the level of ego control while keeping their identity (Block & Kremen, 1996; Klohnen et al., 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a survey of Hispanic college students (n = 443), Sanchez et al (2022) showed that resilience was a moderating factor in the relationships between social and enhancement motives and alcohol consequences. Individuals who have a high level of resiliency may consume alcohol to cope with negative emotions less frequently than individuals with a lower level of resiliency (Cusack et al, 2023).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking motives and alcohol use among undergraduate college students in Hawaiʻi: A cross‐sectional analysis on the moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support

Hong,

Jang,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Asian Soc Wrk & Pol Rev

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This study estimated the (1) levels of alcohol use, drinking motives, ego‐resiliency, and social support; (2) effect of drinking motives on alcohol use; and (3) moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support. An online survey was conducted among undergraduate college students from a university in Hawaiʻi (n = 172). This study estimated moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support between drinking motives and alcohol use using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.0. Four independent moderation analyses were performed for each drinking motive (social, coping, conformity, and enhancement). About one‐fourth of the sample had drinking problems (AUDIT score ≥ 8). The highest drinking motive was social, followed by enhancement, coping, and conformity motives. Ego‐resiliency significantly moderated the relationship between coping and enhancement motives with alcohol use. Social support did not have a significant moderating effect between drinking motives and alcohol use. The findings suggest that undergraduate college students who drink with coping and enhancement motives may have a reduced risk of drinking problems if they have a high level of ego‐resiliency. Future research and practice need to account for drinking motives and ego‐resiliency when working with college students to prevent and intervene in excessive alcohol use.

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“…Previous examinations of the buffering hypothesis focus primarily on psychiatric outcomes such as anxiety and depression (e.g., Sheerin et al, 2018), and largely ignore physical health outcomes. Furthermore, the majority of the existing resilience literature base is cross-sectional in nature (for a review, see Cusack et al, 2023), limiting the inferences that can be made about the true buffering effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal investigation of the buffering effects of resilience on body mass index in trauma-exposed college students.

Cusack,

Lanoye,

Spit for Science Working Group

et al. 2023

Traumatology

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Purpose: College students are at an increased risk for trauma exposure (TE), as well as weight gain and subsequent obesity. Notably, existing research has demonstrated that TE is associated with subsequent obesity. However, there is a dearth of literature looking at this relationship in college students who are at increased risk. Given this increased risk, there is a need to identify protective factors in the wake of TE that may buffer against the adverse impacts of TE on physical health outcomes. As such, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between college-onset TE on subsequent body mass index (BMI), and to examine psychological resilience as a buffer in this relationship. Method: Trauma-exposed college students (N = 2,281, M age = 18.5, 61.6% female, 50.3% identifying as racial/ethnic minorities) completed measures of TE, weight, height, and resilience. Individuals completed measures at baseline and at spring follow-up time points each year after. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and both new-onset TE and BMI were assessed at Y2, Y3, and Y4. Results: There was no significant main effect of new-onset TE on BMI, nor an interaction between resilience and newonset TE. There was a main effect of resilience on later BMI, whereby those with higher levels of reported resilience reported higher BMI in subsequent years (Y2: B = .36, p , .05; Y3: B = .37, p , .01). Conclusions: The positive association between resilience and BMI is not consistent with our hypotheses. Findings suggest that resilience does not buffer against physical health outcomes.

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Resilience and alcohol use in adulthood in the United States: A scoping review

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

The longitudinal buffering effects of resilience on alcohol use outcomes.

The longitudinal buffering effects of resilience on alcohol use outcomes.

Drinking motives and alcohol use among undergraduate college students in Hawaiʻi: A cross‐sectional analysis on the moderating effects of ego‐resiliency and social support

A longitudinal investigation of the buffering effects of resilience on body mass index in trauma-exposed college students.

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