Residues of pesticides and some metabolites in dissolved and particulate phase in surface stream water of Cachapoal River basin, central Chile

Abstract

In the last twenty years, pesticide use in Chile has increased more than 160%, generating a greater risk of water resources pollution. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of 22 pesticides and 12 degradation products in surface water samples from the Cachapoal River basin, Central Chile, an area characterized by intense agricultural activity.Pesticide concentrations in the dissolved phase (DP) and particulate phase (PP) in samples collected in the dry season and after precipitation events was assessed. The solid-phase extraction technique was used to preconcentrate the samples and GC/MS and LC/MS were used to detect pesticides. The results present spatio-temporal variations in the proportion and concentration of pesticides and their degradation products in both the DP and PP for each site and sampling period. The most ubiquitous compounds in the dissolved phase were atrazine, atrazine-2-hydroxy (HA), cyprodinil, pyrimethanil, and tebuconazole, while in the particulate phase HA, imidacloprid, diazinon and pyrimidinol were detected. The results presented in this study make up the first record of pesticides in the dissolved and particulate phases in surface water in Chile. They show that the problem of pesticide contamination undoubtedly affects the quality of bodies of water in agricultural areas in Chile and support the need for a proper assessment of the water quality of the Cachapoal River in the future.

Influencia de la degradación del Clorpirifos en la detección analítica utilizando biosensores: revisión del estado actual y aspectos futuros

“…Los plaguicidas ingresan al medio acuático a través del uso de aguas residuales agrícolas, industriales y domésticas, en este contexto la contaminación por CP se refleja a través de su presencia y la de sus metabolitos en matrices ambientales bióticas y abióticas Tabla II. Pozo et al [36] ha descrito la presencia CP en aire en un estudio de variación estacional a nivel atmosférico en la región de la Araucanía, reportó variaciones de concentraciones de diez a miles de pg m -3 (~20-14.600) en la atmósfera de Chile, del mismo modo, Cortés et al [37] informa concentraciones que varían de 444 a 14.624 (pg m-3 ) en la región del Maule, Chile, además Climent et al [38] reporta concentraciones del (~0.2 µgL -1 ) en aguas del río Cachapoal en Chile central Tabla II, así también Bhanti y Taneja [39],evaluaron residuos de clorpirifós en vegetales. Silipunyo [40] realizo un estudio para determinar los residuos de plaguicidas OP en frutas y verduras, durante el estudio, los residuos de CP eran los más comunes y estaban presentes en todas las muestras, así también en Chile se ha detectado Clorpirifós en numerosos productos principalmente en verduras y hortalizas [41].…”

“…Cruzeiro et al [42]. A la luz de esta situación, se han desarrollado programas para monitorear plaguicidas en aguas superficiales para minimizar su impacto ambiental y proteger la calidad de los recursos hídricos [38,43].…”

Identification of Degradation By-Products of Selected Pesticides During Oxidation and Chlorination Processes

“…Therefore, a constant increase in their presence in the aquatic environment has been demonstrated in numerous publications [6][7][8]. Climent et al [9] pointed that the pesticide and their transformation products affects the quality of water bodies. Whereas Hernandez et al [10] in a study dedicated to the assessment of the relevance of pesticides to human health, noted that even low-dose pesticide mixtures may have a long-lasting and negative health impact and can by the reason of cancer, neurodevelopmental deficits and the increase of chronic degenerative diseases.…”

Degradation pathway of triazole fungicides and synchronous removal of transformation products via photo-electrocatalytic oxidation tandem MoS2 adsorption

“…In order to increase the yield and harvest of agricultural products, triazole fungicides (TFs) have been widely used in agricultural production due to the characteristics of low toxicity, high efficiency, and broad spectrum. However, TFs cause different degrees of pollution to rivers, lakes, and groundwater around the world (Climent et al 2019;Ccanccapa et al 2016). For example, the average residue of propiconazole in Tengger River Basin in Malaysia is as far as 4493.1 ng/L (Elfikrie et al 2020) and approximately 0.291-1.150 μg/L in the soybeangrowing agricultural surface water in south central United States (Battaglin et al 2011).…”