Residues of Acephate and its Metabolite Methamidophos in/on Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica L.)

Mohapatra, Soudamini; Ahuja, A. K.; Deepa, M.; Sharma, Debi

doi:10.1007/s00128-010-0154-2

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, the extensive use of acephate has increased human exposure via different sources, including residues in food and water, applications to public spaces, and occupational means. Acephate (O,S-dimethyl-N-acetyl phosphoramidothioate) is an organophosphorus insecticide that is widely applied to protect vegetables and fruits from moths and aphids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plasma metabolic profiling of chronic acephate exposure in rats via an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabonomic method

et al. 2015

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This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of long-term, low-dose acephate administration on rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to different groups: control; low-dose acephate (0.5 mg kg(-1) bw(-1)); middle-dose acephate (1.5 mg kg(-1) bw(-1)); and high-dose acephate (4.5 mg kg(-1) bw(-1)). The rats continuously received acephate via drinking water for 24 weeks. Rat plasma samples were collected at different time points to measure metabonomic profiles. Liver tissues were subjected to histopathological examination. The results showed that 10 metabolites in the plasma were significantly changed in the treated groups compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Exposure to acephate resulted in increased lysoPC (15 : 0), lysoPC (16 : 0), lysoPC (O-18 : 0), lysoPC (18 : 1(9Z)), lysoPC (18 : 0), lysoPC (20 : 4(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)), arachidonic acid, and 12-HETE as well as decreased tryptophan and indoleacrylic acid in rat plasma. Moreover, the contents of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, and malondialdehyde, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and phospholipaseA2 in the serum, were significantly changed in the middle- and high-dose groups compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Histopathological examination results revealed that exposure to acephate may induce vacuolar degeneration in the liver cell cytoplasm, fat degeneration, and liver cell necrosis. These results indicated that exposure to acephate disrupted metabolism of lipids and amino acids, induced oxidative stress, caused neurotoxicity, and resulted in liver dysfunction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plasma metabolic profiling of chronic acephate exposure in rats via an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabonomic method

et al. 2015

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“…Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, India, is the largest producer of mangoes producing around 3469.5 metric tons, the productivity being about 12.8 tones/hectare [2]. There are many insect pest pressures for mangos grown in this region of India requiring the use of pesticides to increase the productivity [3]. Therefore, for obtaining good quality and high productivity of mango fruits, the commercial cultivation of mango receive frequent application of various contact and systemic pesticides throughout the cropping season [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of 17 Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Mango by Modified QuEChERS Extraction Method Using GC-NPD/GC-MS and Hazard Index Estimation in Lucknow, India

et al. 2014

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A total of 162 samples of different varieties of mango: Deshehari, Langra, Safeda in three growing stages (Pre-mature, Unripe and Ripe) were collected from Lucknow, India, and analyzed for the presence of seventeen organophosphate pesticide residues. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method of extraction coupled with gas chromatography was validated for pesticides and qualitatively confirmed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. The method was validated with different concentrations of mixture of seventeen organophosphate pesticides (0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg kg−1) in mango. The average recovery varied from 70.20% to 95.25% with less than 10% relative standard deviation. The limit of quantification of different pesticides ranged from 0.007 to 0.033 mg kg−1. Out of seventeen organophosphate pesticides only malathion and chlorpyriphos were detected. Approximately 20% of the mango samples have shown the presence of these two pesticides. The malathion residues ranged from ND-1.407 mg kg−1 and chlorpyriphos ND-0.313 mg kg−1 which is well below the maximum residues limit (PFA-1954). In three varieties of mango at different stages from unpeeled to peeled sample reduction of malathion and chlorpyriphos ranged from 35.48%–100% and 46.66%–100% respectively. The estimated daily intake of malathion ranged from 0.032 to 0.121 µg kg−1 and chlorpyriphos ranged from zero to 0.022 µg kg−1 body weight from three different stages of mango. The hazard indices ranged from 0.0015 to 0.0060 for malathion and zero to 0.0022 for chlorpyriphos. It is therefore indicated that seasonal consumption of these three varieties of mango may not pose any health hazards for the population of Lucknow, city, India because the hazard indices for malathion and chlorpyriphos residues were below to one.

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“…The half-life of acephate was 3.7 days on cucumber fruits compared to six days on capsicum fruits [25]. On mango the reported half-life of acephate was five days, and it was eight days on cotton plant [34][35]. PHI is the elapsed time gap between the last spray application to a crop and the first harvest.…”

Section: Dissipation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On capsicum the PHI was 12 days in the open field and 16 days under controlled environmental conditions [37]. The required PHI for mango was 30 days [34].…”

Section: Dissipation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation of Acephate and Methamidophos Residues on Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Mohapatra¹,

Manikrao²,

Siddamallaiah³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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IntroductionBrinjal (also known as eggplant and aubergine) and okra (lady's finger) are the two most common and popular vegetable crops grown extensively throughout India. India is the largest producer of okra in the world [1]. The major insect pests of brinjal are shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee), hadda beetle (Epilachna spp.), Jassid, (Amrascabiguttulabiguttula Ishida), aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), stem borer (Euzopheraperticella Ragonot), white fly (Bemisiatabaci Gennadius), and the lace wing bug (Urentiusechinus Distant) [2]. The brinjal shoot and fruit borer causes shading of flower buds and reduces the brinjal yield, causing up to 70% damage to the crop at fruiting stage and making it unfit for human consumption Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 3 (2017) This study reports on the dissipation of acephate residues on brinjal and okra and the formation of the metabolite methamidophos. The QuEChERS method in conjunction with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analyzing acephate and methamidophos in brinjal and okra. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 and 0.01 mg kg -1 for both compounds, respectively. The recoveries were between 76.6-99.5% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) between 3.2-11.8% (n = 6). The measurement uncertainty (MU) was between 9.9-17.5% at 95% confidence level. The initial residues of acephate were 8.61 and 13.63 mg kg -1 on brinjal, and 8.44and 15.05 mg kg -1 on okra from treatments at the standard and double doses of 560 and 1,120 g a.i. ha -1 , respectively. The concentration of methamidophos increased up to the third day on brinjal and okra and decreased thereafter. Methamidophos was more persistent than acephate. The pre-harvest intervals (PHI) required for dissipation of the combined residues of acephate and methamidophos to below the European Union maximum residue limits were 47 days for brinjal and 25 days for okra. The results of the study can be utilized for use of acephate in plant protection of brinjal and okra.

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Residues of Acephate and its Metabolite Methamidophos in/on Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica L.)

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

The plasma metabolic profiling of chronic acephate exposure in rats via an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabonomic method

The plasma metabolic profiling of chronic acephate exposure in rats via an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabonomic method

Determination of 17 Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Mango by Modified QuEChERS Extraction Method Using GC-NPD/GC-MS and Hazard Index Estimation in Lucknow, India

Dissipation of Acephate and Methamidophos Residues on Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

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