Residues levels of pesticides in walnuts of Iran and associated health risks

Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh; Badibostan, Hasan; Hayes, A. Wallace; Giesy, John P.; Karimi, Gholamreza

doi:10.1080/10807039.2019.1704619

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The hazard index of OCs residues ranged from 5.00E-01 to 7.64E-05 for children and 9.91E-02 to 9.31E-06 for adults, while OPs residues ranged from 2.30E-02 to 8.90E-06 for children and 4.16E-03 to 9.70E-06 for adults and PYs residues ranged from 2.40E-02 to 9.90E-05 for children and 6.84E-07 for adults. The hazard index of OPs residues obtained in this present study was lower than values (1.68) reported in nut from Iran (Seyedeh et al, 2019). The highest health index was found in OCs for aldrin (5.00E-01) for children (in calyces).…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Farmers in diverse regions across the globe use different variety of pesticides such as organochlorines (OCs), organophosphates (OPs), pyrethroid (PYs), etc (Shakhaoat et al, 2013). OCs, OPs, and PYs are three most widely used pesticides in most developing countries (Seyedeh et al, 2019), to boost agricultural productivity to supply an adequate food for the increasing human population (Liu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide residues in selected vegetables from Gombe markets, Gombe State, Nigeria: assessing the health impact

Maigari¹,

Sulaiman²,

Buhari³

et al. 2021

ijs

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The study determined the content of pesticide residues in vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, calyces, and tiger nut), obtained from markets in Gombe, Nigeria. Health risk parameters were also determined to evaluate the health risk associated with their consumption. A total of 72 samples (cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV/VIS Detector (HPLC-UV/VIS). A total of 18 pesticide residues were detected: nine organochlorines (OCs), five organophosphates (OPs), and four pyrethroids (PYs). The residual contents of nine OCs ranged from 0.00 to 0.098 μg/kg and found in 61.87%, 60.99%, 63.69%, and 63.89% of cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut samples respectively, five OPs with concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 0.043 μg/kg were found in 22.69%, 21.89%, 19.49% and 22.21% of cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut samples respectively. In similar order, four PYs with concentrations that ranged from 0.00 to 0.046 μg/kg were found in 15.44%, 17.04%, 16.82% and 13.89% of the vegetables. Themean estimated daily intake of pesticides in the studied samples was lower than that of acceptable daily intakes. The hazard index obtained was less than one, indicating no probable adverse health effect on both children and adult consumers. However, monitoring and continuous stringent regulation should be imposed with regard to the usage of pesticides in vegetables, and other food stuff for public health protection. Keywords: Hazard Index, Health risk, Nut, Pesticide residues, Vegetables

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Section: Health Risk Assessmentcontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues in selected vegetables from Gombe markets, Gombe State, Nigeria: assessing the health impact

Maigari¹,

Sulaiman²,

Buhari³

et al. 2021

ijs

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“…The level of cancer risk and the hazard quotient are calculated 10,000 times or more with randomly chosen values of variables and parameters covering their range of variability [170,185] and reproducing the assumed distribution density [186][187][188]. The results of a Monte Carlo health risk assessment are provided in the form of a probability distribution for a given risk [172,189]. In addition, the results of Monte Carlo health risk assessment are useful for understanding the uncertainties related to interpersonal variability and biological factors and the dynamic character of contaminated media [64,185].…”

Section: Monte Carlo Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of Monte Carlo health risk assessments in relation to pesticide exposure and human health risk have been conducted. Faezeh et al (2021) [189] detected concentrations of 18 organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid, and nicotinoid pesticides in six walnut cultivars from five geographical regions in Iran. Human health risk assessments were evaluated using hazard indices (HIs) with Monte Carlo simulations.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

115

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Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.

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“…Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using all analytical techniques available 30 , 31 . A dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in apricots will provide a scientific basis for adequate supervision, safe production, consumption guidance, and issuance and revision of MRLs 32 . This process will subsequently aid in eliminating adverse effects on the health of the consumers and foreign trade of apricot-based products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual levels and dietary intake risk assessment of 11 pesticides in apricots from different ecological planting regions in China

Yang

Xing

Liu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The frequent and massive use of pesticides has led to pesticide residues in apricot, threatening food safety and human health. A reliable and simple modified QuEChERS method with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 pesticides in apricot. Method validation indicated that satisfied linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9959), accuracy (recoveries of 72–119%), sensitivity (limits of detection, 0.03–0.30 μg/kg; limits of quantification, 0.13–1.00 μg/kg), and precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 11.9%), and matrix effects were 0.89–1.13. Apricot samples from different ecological regions in China were collected and tested using the proposed methods. Monitoring results were used to assess the dietary intake risk of Chinese populations of different ages and genders. Dietary risk assessment revealed that the risk quotients were 0.003–1.184% for different gender and age groups in China, indicating none unacceptable public health risk for general population. This work was thus significant in developing a simpler, more efficient and economical analysis method and food safety risks of the 11 pesticides on apricot and facilitated the establishment of maximum residue limits.

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Residues levels of pesticides in walnuts of Iran and associated health risks

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Pesticide residues in selected vegetables from Gombe markets, Gombe State, Nigeria: assessing the health impact

Pesticide residues in selected vegetables from Gombe markets, Gombe State, Nigeria: assessing the health impact

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Residual levels and dietary intake risk assessment of 11 pesticides in apricots from different ecological planting regions in China

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