Residue levels and cholinesterase activities in sheep poisoned experimentally with diazinon

Machin, A.F.; Anderson, Peter H.; Hebert, C. Nancy

doi:10.1002/ps.2780050109

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cholinesterase activity has been histochemically demonstrated in many tissues (AUGUSTINSSON, 1948;HOLMSTEDT, 1971), but its quantitative measurement has received less attention in tissues other than the brain, where a relatively high activity was found which is considerably reduced in acute organophosphorus poisoning in sheep (ANDERSON, 1971;MACHIN et al, 1974;MEERDINK, 1980) and cattle (MOUNT and OEHME, 1981). We found that brain cholinesterase activity was higher than that of any other tissue except small intestine (Table 4) and closely resembled the mean activity of 3.01 ymol/min/g reported by MOUNT and OEHME (1981) for the normal cholinesterase activity in the brain of adult cattle.…”

Section: B) Tissue Cholinesterase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Esterase Activity in the Plasma, Whole Blood and Tissues of Cattle

Abdelsalam

Ford

1985

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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Summary The cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activity was measured in the blood and tissues of normal male calves and adult cattle. The results confirmed the presence of cholinesterase activity in all tissues, with the highest activity in the brain and small intestine and the lowest in the kidney, heart and muscle. Carboxylesterase activity was also detected in most tissues and was particularly high in the liver, moderate in the kidney, lung and intestine, and very low in the plasma. Zusammenfassung Normale Esteraseaktivitäten in Plasma, Vollblut und Geweben von Rindern Bei gesunden, männlichen Kälbern und erwachsenen Rindern wurden im Blut und im Gewebe die Aktivitäten der Cholinesterase und Carboxylesterase gemessen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen das Vorkommen von Cholinesteraseaktivitäten in allen Geweben; die höchsten Aktivitäten wurden in Gehirn und Dünndarm, die niedrigsten in Nieren, Herz und Muskulatur registriert. In den meisten Geweben ließen sich auch Carboxylesteraseaktivitäten nachweisen; sie waren besonders hoch in der Leber, mittelgradig in Nieren, Lunge und Darm und sehr niedrig im Plasma. Résumé Activités normales d'estérases dans le plasma, le sang complet et des tissus chez des bovins Les activités de la cholinestérase et de la carboxylestérase ont été mesurées chez des veaux mâles en bonne santé et chez des bovins adultes dans le sang et dans les tissus. Les résultats ont confirmé la présence d'activités de la cholinestérase dans tous les tissus. Les activités les plus élevées ont été relevées dans le cerveau et l'intestin grêle et les plus basses dans les reins, le myocarde et la musculature. Des activités de la carboxylestérase ont été également mises en évidence dans la plupart des tissus: particulièrement élevées dans le foie, moyennes dans les reins, les poumons et l'intestin et très basses dans le plasma. Resumen Las actividades normales de las esterasas en el plasma sanguíneo, la sangre completa y los tejidos de vacunos En terneros y vacunos adultos sanos se midieron en sangre y tejidos las actividades de la colinesterasa y de la carboxilesterasa. Los resultados confirman la presencia de actividades de la colinesterasa en todos los tejidos. Las actividades más elevadas se registraron en el cerebro e intestino delgado, y las más bajas en riñones, miocardio y musculatura. En la mayor parte de los tejidos también se pudieron poner en evidencia actividades de la carboxilesterasa; eran especialmente muy elevadas en el hígado, moderadas en los riñones, pulmón e intestino y muy bajas en el plasma sanguíneo.

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Section: B) Tissue Cholinesterase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Esterase Activity in the Plasma, Whole Blood and Tissues of Cattle

Abdelsalam

Ford

1985

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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“…This difference may again be related to the balance between activating and deactivating metabolic pathways in cattle. In that respect, Kreuger et al (1959) detected toxicologically significant amounts of coumaphos oxon in the blood of topically exposed cattle, while Machin et al (1974Machin et al ( , 1975 were not able to detect diazoxon in tissues of sheep and also reported its rapid degradation in cattle plasma. Weight gain differences between coumaphos and diazinon may therefore reflect greater metabolic production and stability of coumaphos oxon in cattle.…”

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Weight gain and feed utilization of Hereford steers exposed to diazinon

Danielson¹,

Golsteyn²

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Danielson, T. J. and Golsteyn, L. R. 1997. Weight gain and feed utilization in Hereford steers exposed to diazinon. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 181-183. Body weights and feed consumption were monitored in 48 Hereford steers, under feedlot conditions, for 10 wk after exposure to diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide. Experimental design consisted of four complete blocks, each of four treatment groups (positive and negative controls, two insecticidal ear tags and four insecticidal ear tags). Plasma cholinesterase activity was reduced by 50%, 24 h after topical application of diazinon directly to the skin (positive control) but was not reduced after attachment of either two or four insecticidal ear tags per animal. Daily weight gain and feed utilization in control animals, during the 70-d study, were 1.21 ± 0.22 kg d -1 and 0.144 ± 0.007 kg kg -1 (dry matter basis) and were not altered in steers exposed to diazinon.

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Metabolic aspects of the toxicology of diazinon. I. Hepatic metabolism in the sheep, cow, pig, guinea‐pig, rat, turkey, chicken and duck

et al. 1975

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The phosphorothionate insecticide diazinon was incubated with liver microsomes from the sheep, cow, pig, guinea‐pig, rat, turkey, chicken and duck. Metabolism by liver slices of most of these species was also examined. Hydroxydiazinon, isohydroxydiazinon, dehydrodiazinon, their oxons and diazoxon were identified and determined quantitatively or semi‐quantitatively. An eighth metabolite was tentatively identified as the 6‐aldehyde analogue of diazinon. Yields and rates of production of these metabolites varied greatly between species. Production of oxons was not generally correlated with susceptibility to diazinon poisoning, although it was lowest in the least susceptible animal, the sheep. The degradation of oxons by liver slices was too slow to explain the low toxicity of diazinon to the mammals. The relative importance of hepatic and extrahepatic metabolism in determining toxicity to vertebrates is discussed.

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Residue levels and cholinesterase activities in sheep poisoned experimentally with diazinon

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Normal Esterase Activity in the Plasma, Whole Blood and Tissues of Cattle

Normal Esterase Activity in the Plasma, Whole Blood and Tissues of Cattle

Weight gain and feed utilization of Hereford steers exposed to diazinon

Metabolic aspects of the toxicology of diazinon. I. Hepatic metabolism in the sheep, cow, pig, guinea‐pig, rat, turkey, chicken and duck

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