Residue and bio-efficacy evaluation of controlled release formulations of imidacloprid against pests in soybean (Glycine max)

Abstract

Controlled release (CR) formulations of imidacloprid (1-(6 chloro-3-pyridinyl methyl)-N- nitro imidazolidin-2- ylideneamine) were prepared using novel amphiphilic polymers synthesized from polyethylene glycol and aliphatic diacids employing encapsulation technique. The bioefficacy of the prepared CR formulations was evaluated against major pests of soybean, namely stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae Zehntmer and white fly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius along with a commercial formulation at the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi during kharif 2009 and 2010. Most of the CR formulations of imidacloprid gave significantly better control of the pests compare to its commercial formulations, however the CR formulations, Poly [poly (oxyethylene-1000)-oxy suberoyl] amphiphilic polymer based formulation performed better over others for controlling of both stem fly incidence and Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) infestation transmitted by white fly. Some of the developed CR formulations recorded higher yield over commercial formulation and control. Nodulation pattern of soybean was not affected due to treatment of CR and commercial formulations of imidacloprid. Also the residues of imidacloprid in seed and soil at harvest were not detectable for both CR and commercial formulations.

Nanotechnology in agri-food production: an overview

“…Most of the CR formulations of imidacloprid exhibited better control of the pests compared with its commercial formulations; however, of the CR formulations, poly(poly(oxyethylene-1000)-oxy suberoyl) amphiphilic polymer-based formulation performed better than others for controlling of both stem fly incidence and Yellow Mosaic Virus infestation transmitted by white fly. In addition, some of the developed CR formulations recorded higher yield over commercial formulation and control 43,44…”

Research Article First record of soybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Paraguay confirmed by molecular evidence.

“…The use of endemic beneficial insects, such as parasitoids, has been mentioned as one of the important biological control strategies (e.g., Talekar, 1990;Van Den Berg, 1995). The evaluation and use of insecticides applied to seed or foliar sprays have also been reported (e.g., Adak et al, 2012;Jadhav et al, 2013). In Paraguay, the use of seed treatments with insecticides belonging to the neonicotinoids, phenyl pyrazole, carbamates group and foliar pulverization with pyrethroids, avermectin, neonicotinoids, organophosphorus, diamides, carbamates and IGRs insecticides are currently the main strategy for controlling other major insect pests of soybean, including caterpillars (e.g., Chrysodeixis includens, Helicoverpa spp (i.e., H. zea; and potentially H. armigera known to be also present in Paraguay; Arnemann et al, 2016c) and stink bugs (e.g., Euschistus heros, Piezodorus guildinii) and beetles (e.g., Sternechus subsignatus).…”

Role of nano‐range amphiphilic polymers in seed quality enhancement of soybean and imidacloprid retention capacity on seed coatings

“…Unique properties of amphiphilic polymers (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks), i.e. wide range of solubility, lack of toxicity and non‐interference with enzymatic activity, make them ideal carriers of bioactive materials as well as seed coating agents . Moreover, polymer surface area is the most important aspect determining uniform distribution of polymers on seeds.…”

“…The other objective was to assess the capacity of these polymers to formulate imidacloprid (1‐(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinylmethyl)‐ N ‐nitroimidazolidin‐2‐ylideneamine) and to coat on seeds uniformly. Nano‐formulated controlled release formulations have the benefit of optimal supply of active ingredient at the required rate for pest control, thus reducing the amount of chemical introduced into the environment and protecting it from its deleterious effects . They permit safer, efficient and economical crop protection.…”

“…They permit safer, efficient and economical crop protection. Imidacloprid was chosen because of its systemic action against sucking pests of soybean, namely stem fly ( Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner) and white fly ( Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) …”