Residual thrombosis after a first episode of proximal deep venous thrombosis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the normalization rate of compression ultrasonography after a first episode of proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Patients underwent compressive ultrasound (C-US) examinations during the 3-6 months following the first proximal DVT episode. Normalization rate of compressive ultrasound (C-US) during the follow-up period was 26.4% [95% confidence interval, 16.3-37.3]. Allelic variation in factor XIII gene (Val34Leu) significantly affected the improvement of popliteal residual thrombi (P = 0.019). We also observed a significant negative correlation between D-dimer levels at 3 months and improvement of popliteal residual thrombi (P = 0.016). There was a significant positive correlation between baseline lumen diameter of the femoral thrombi and IL-8 cytokine (P = 0.015). A significant difference was also found between 1 month-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and improvement of residual thrombi (P = 0.047). Our results show that normalization after a standard period of anticoagulation is not frequent and procoagulant and inflammatory biomarkers and also some genetic variations might be related to the resolution of thrombosis.

Value of Platelet Indices in Identifying Complete Resolution of Thrombus in Deep Venous Thrombosis Patients

“…They also suggested that there was a correlation between IL-8 cytokine levels at baseline and the baseline diameter of femoral thrombi. According to their results, resolution of thrombosis at 1 month was associated with severe inflammatory reactions, as measured by plasma markers (higher TNF-a levels) [29]. Spiezia et al [4] found that after an episode of proximal DVT, the thrombus persists over a longer period of time in carriers of thrombophilia than in non-carriers.…”

Inflammation in venous thromboembolism: Cause or consequence?

“…Moderate (odds ratio 2-9) Weak (odds ratio b2) ***Fracture (hip or leg) ***Hip or knee replacement ***Major general surgery ***Major trauma ***Spinal cord injury **Arthroscopic knee surgery **Central venous lines **Chemotherapy **Congestive heart or respiratory failure **Hormone replacement therapy **Malignancy **Oral contraceptive therapy **Paralytic stroke **Pregnancy/, postpartum **Previous venous thromboembolism **Thrombophilia *Bed rest N 3 days *Immobility due to sitting (e.g., prolonged car or air travel) *Increasing age *Laparoscopic surgery (e.g., cholecystectomy) *Obesity *Pregnancy/, antepartum *Varicose veins patients even after a standard anticoagulation therapy, despite the reduction of D-dimer level [24,25]. In another word, it appears that current anticoagulation therapeutic protocols do not target these inflammatory cytokines.…”