Residual stresses in porcelain tiles. Measurement and process variables assessment

Abstract

Residual stresses in porcelain tiles. Measurement and process variables assessment E. Sánchez (a) , V. Sanz (a) , J. Castellano (a,*) , J. Sales (b) , K. Kayacı (c) , M.U. Taşkıran (c) , Ü.E. Anıl (c) , Ş. Türk (c)

The characteristics and production method between glazed and unglazed of ceramic and porcelain tiles by firing process: A review

“…Unglazed or, less often, shaped ceramic tiles make up an important part of the total production. After the firing, the polishing process can affect the final residual stress and lead to unexpected deformations of the tile [12]. Hence, manufacturing needs (rapid firing cycles) and product demands (large formats) have necessitated a thorough examination of the issue of residual thermal stresses during the production of porcelain tiles.…”

Ceramic tiles as sustainable, functional and insulating materials to mitigate fire damage

“…Figure 1 shows the density changes in CTs with temperature from ambient to 1000°C based on a collection of studies [28-41]. This figure clearly shows two unique trends: (1) the density of CTs is fairly stable up to 1000°C and (2) density of CTs could potentially slightly increase with rise in temperature.…”

Statistical analysis of porcelain tiles’ technical properties: full factorial design investigation on oxide ratios and temperature

“…Quartz as the coarsest-particle-size fraction forms a skeletal network during firing and promotes thermal and dimensional stability [2,3,7]. The firing cycle of porcelain tiles is generally very short (fast firing) and mostly depends on the dimensions (e.g., size and thickness) of products, ranging from 40-70 min (or even shorter) at 1180 °C-1220 °C [2,3,10].…”

“…Dividing between raw material and process parameters, the most critical parameters that affect these properties can be summarized as the composition of the green body, particle size and/or particle size distribution, granular moisture content, pressing method, and pressing parameters, and firing cycle (including maximum temperature, heating and cooling rates). There is a very rich body of literature investigating the effects of these parameters on the final microstructure and/or different properties and quality of ceramic tiles [1,3,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], but relatively few studies focused on modeling the effects of different input/design parameters on the final properties of porcelain tiles. This is mostly because of the complex interaction between different input parameters (from raw materials to processing approaches and even firing kinetics) which makes it one of the most complicated ceramic systems [1,7].…”

“…Various methods and approaches have been used to design or simulate a representative model for different aspects of ceramic products, especially for porcelain tiles. These are the sintering process by thermokinetics simulation [19,20], numerical/mathematical approaches [21][22][23][24][25][26][27], finite element analysis [28,29], statistical approaches [12,30], Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation [31], and data-driven approaches or artificial neural network (ANN) modeling [32][33][34][35][36] to name a few. Most of the simulation/modeling approaches to determine the relationship between raw materials and final properties consider the typical raw material and/or mineralogical ratios of body formulation and neglect the effect of chemical (oxide) content.…”