Residual stresses in deep-drawn cups made of duplex stainless steel X2CrNiN23-4

Abstract

Residual stress development in deep drawing processes is investigated based on cylindrical cups made of duplex stainless steel sheet. Using a two-scale approach combining finite element modelling with a mean field homogenization scheme the macro residual stresses as well as the phase-specific micro residual stresses regarding the phases ferrite and austenite are calculated for steel X2CrNiN23‑4 for various drawing depths. The simulation approach allows for the numerical efficient prediction of the macro and phase-specific micro residual stress in every integration point of the entire component. The simulation results are validated by means of X‑ray diffraction residual stress analysis applied to a deep-drawn cup manufactured using corresponding process parameters. The results clearly indicate that the fast simulation approach is well suited for the numerical prediction of residual stresses induced by deep drawing for the two-phase duplex steel; the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Regarding the investigated process, a significant influence of the drawing depth, in particular on the evolution of the residual stress distribution in drawing direction, is observed. Considering the appropriate phase-specific strain hardening, the two-scale approach is also well suited for the prediction of phase specific residual stresses on the component level.

Neutronographic Analysis of Load Partitioning and Micro Residual Stress Development in Duplex Stainless Steels

“…Regarding design and dimensioning with duplex stainless steels, the knowledge of the macroscopic hardening behaviour and the phase-specific behaviour are of high importance. This applies in particular to numerical simulations of the deformation behaviour of duplex stainless steel sheets and in the development of phase-specific residual stresses (e.g., [6,7]). A viable and reliable approach to determine the phase-specific work hardening characteristic of multi-phase materials is to conduct diffraction experiments; i.e., by using X-ray or neutron radiation.…”

Analysis of Phase-Specific Strain Pole Figures for Duplex Steels under Elasto-Plastic Uniaxial Tension—Experiment vs. EPSC Modelling

“…In principle, when producing metallic technical components through processes where plastic deformation and/or thermal energy are introduced, it can be assumed that phase-specific crystallographic textures and/or phase-specific residual stress (RS) states are introduced or affected. Thus, a change in the phase-specific RS as well as the phase-specific texture can be expected along an industrial production route [6][7][8][9][10]. This was impressively demonstrated in [6] for two duplex steels processed through rolling.…”

Investigating the Impact of Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)-Coated Cutting Tools on Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility in Turning Super Duplex Stainless Steel

“…However, the machined surfaces with PVD-coated inserts showed a combination of tensile and compressive residual stresses, which depend on the phase and direction. The tensile residual stresses are detrimental for the functional performance of the SDSS machined surface, as they can induce cracking, distortion, and stress corrosion [40].…”