Residual stress measurements on AISI 316L samples manufactured by selective laser melting

Simson, Thomas; Emmel, A.; Dwars, A.; Böhm, Juliane

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2017.07.007

Cited by 151 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This fact is also proved by diffractograms for P200 (133 J/mm 3 , Figure 8c) and H70 samples (167 J/mm 3 , Figure 8d): An increase of intensity of β-{110} peak can be observed for some ψ tilts in the case of H70 sample, indicating some texture in the β-phase (discussed in [40]). In [16], no dependence of RS on Ev was observed for fully dense AISI316L samples. This conclusion is only partially contradictory to ours: the authors of [16] have investigated only a small range of Ev (70 J/mm 3 -140 J/mm 3 ).…”

Section: Effect Of Power and Hatch Distance Variationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, experimental data on RS in LPBF materials are still incomplete or even show contradictory trends depending on material and measurement method. For instance, in [16] the change of E v of a fully dense AISI316L steel (density around 99.9%) has shown no impact on RS, measured by laboratory X-ray diffraction. In contrast, in our previous study, highly dense Ti-6Al-4V with different E v has shown significant difference in RS along the building direction, obtained by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Correlation between Subsurface Residual Stresses and Manufacturing Parameters in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V

Mishurova

Artzt

Haubrich

et al. 2019

Metals

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Subsurface residual stresses (RS) were investigated in Ti-6Al-4V cuboid samples by means of X-ray synchrotron diffraction. The samples were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) applying different processing parameters, not commonly considered in open literature, in order to assess their influence on RS state. While investigating the effect of process parameters used for the calculation of volumetric energy density (such as laser velocity, laser power and hatch distance), we observed that an increase of energy density led to a decrease of RS, although not to the same extent for every parameter variation. Additionally, the effect of support structure, sample roughness and LPBF machine effects potentially coming from Ar flow were studied. We observed no influence of support structure on subsurface RS while the orientation with respect to Ar flow showed to have an impact on RS. We conclude recommending monitoring such parameters to improve part reliability and reproducibility.

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Section: Effect Of Power and Hatch Distance Variationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Correlation between Subsurface Residual Stresses and Manufacturing Parameters in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V

Mishurova

Artzt

Haubrich

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Although XRD is widely used to estimate the residual stresses, there is a debate on the obtained residual stress values and the measurement procedure for SLM-produced samples. Some studies revealed that the residual stresses were frequently shown to approach the material's yield strength [19,22,23], while residual stresses reported for SLM-produced AlSi10Mg (summarized in Table 1) were far lower than its yield strength reported in the literature (200-300 MPa [24][25][26][27]). Moreover, a significant fluctuation was observed in the reported values and the sign of the surface residual stress cannot be determined properly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Contrastingly, diffraction methods (such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) [10] and neutron diffraction (ND) [11,12]) are non-destructive. They can be used to obtain full-field strain/stress distribution by measuring at multiple positions on the sample surface [13][14][15][16] or can be combined with material removal techniques to acquire the in-depth distribution of residual stresses [17][18][19][20][21]. Nowadays, XRD becomes major non-destructive residual stresses measurement method because of its relative affordability and easy accessibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy of Residual Stress Determination on Selective Laser Melted Al Alloy Using XRD

Chen

Sun

Li³

et al. 2020

Materials

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is known to generate large and anisotropic residual stresses in the samples. Accurate measurement of residual stresses on SLM-produced samples is essential for understanding the residual stress build-up mechanism during SLM, while a dramatic fluctuation can be observed in the residual stress values reported in the literature. On the basis of studying the influence of surface roughness on residual stress measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), we propose a procedure coupling XRD technique with pretreatment consisting of mechanical polishing and chemical etching. The results highlight that residual stresses measured using XRD on as-built SLM-produced samples with high surface roughness are significantly lower than those measured on samples with finished surface, which is due to the stress relaxation on the spiked surface of as-built samples. Surface distribution of residual stresses and the effect of scanning strategy were systematically investigated for SLM-produced AlSi10Mg samples. Microstructural morphology was observed at the interface between sample and building platform and was linked to the surface distribution of residual stresses. This procedure can help us accurately measure the residual stresses in SLM-produced samples and thus better understand its build-up mechanism during the SLM process.

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“…The crystallographic texture has been also shown to be sensitive to the SLM processing parameters and can vary from random using low energy input [14][15][16] to strong texture [14,16] during SLM processing. Extensive studies have been carried out on the optimization of the SLM process parameters for the 316L steel [17,14,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], with respect to porosity minimization, mechanical properties optimization and occurrence of residual stress. However, not as many studies exist for SLM-processing of the 304L steel [26][27][28][29].…”

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confidence: 99%

High ductility and transformation-induced-plasticity in metastable stainless steel processed by selective laser melting with low power

et al. 2020

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words)304L steel powder was processed by selective laser melting with low power, resulting in nearly random crystallographic texture. In-situ tensile loading and neutron diffraction experiments were undertaken and the results indicate high ductility, despite the presence of porosity, and pronounced strain-induced martensitic transformation. A secondary hardening is observed in the mechanical data due to the martensite carrying significant load, upon its formation. The pronounced martensitic transformation is discussed with respect to the initial and the evolving deformation texture, as revealed by EBSD, and its affinity to ε-martensite formation, under uniaxial loading, which is a precursor for α'-martensite formation.

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Residual stress measurements on AISI 316L samples manufactured by selective laser melting

Cited by 151 publications

References 9 publications

Exploring the Correlation between Subsurface Residual Stresses and Manufacturing Parameters in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V

Exploring the Correlation between Subsurface Residual Stresses and Manufacturing Parameters in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V

Strategy of Residual Stress Determination on Selective Laser Melted Al Alloy Using XRD

High ductility and transformation-induced-plasticity in metastable stainless steel processed by selective laser melting with low power

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