Residual Stress in Engineering Materials: A Review

Abstract

The accurate determination of residual stresses has a crucial role in understanding the complex interactions between microstructure, mechanical state, mode(s) of failure, and structural integrity. Moreover, the residual stress management concept contributes to industrial applications, aiming to improve the product's service performance and life cycle. In this regard, the industry requests rapid, efficient, and modern methods to identify and control the residual stress state. This review article contains three main sections. The first section covers different residual stress determination methods and reports the advancements over the recent decade. The second section includes the role of residual stresses in the performance of a broad range of materials including metallic alloys, polymers, ceramics, composites, and biomaterials. This is presented by classifying different science areas dealing with residual stresses into two main groups, including “origins” and “effects” of residual stresses. The range of topics covered are “welding, machining, curing/cooling, and spray coating processes,” “medical and dental sciences,” and “fatigue and fracture mechanisms.” The third section summarizes various strategies to effectively control residual stresses through different manufacturing procedures. It is hoped that the data provided herein serves as a valuable up‐to‐date reference for engineers and scientists in the field of residual stress.

Mechanochemistry of Spiropyran under Internal Stresses of a Glassy Polymer

“…Internal or residual stresses most commonly accumulate in polymers as they solidify from their melts or, in some specific cases, crystallize from it. , As the formation of polymer solids is ubiquitous, so is the phenomenon of internal stressit contributes to the behavior of polymer parts produced by common techniques like extrusion, 3D printing, and injection molding. The distribution of internal stresses and their magnitude within the polymer can be investigated both theoretically and experimentally.…”

Analysis and design of laminated composite beams based on a refined higher-order theory

“…The failure index must be smaller than unity to ensure safety, yet it exhibits either positive or negative values. Moreover, since the stacking sequence is one of the variable parameters in this study, it is worth mentioning its influence on the mechanical response of composites [25][26][27] .…”

Multiscale simulation and experimental measurements of the elastic response for constructional steel

“…Engineering steel suffered from manufacturing stages before practical application, such as heat treatment 1 , machining operation 2,3 and so on 4 , which resulted in residual stress because of external force or internal temperature gradient. On the one hand, mechanical properties of engineering materials can be improved by residual stress induction on purpose 5,6 , on the other hand, unanticipated failure occurred in materials because of stress concentration [7][8][9][10] . Pashangeh 11 revealed the details of the lattice strains of retained austenite phase during quenching and its effects on the residual compressive and dimensional changes in the advanced high-strength steels.…”