Residual stress formation and stability in bearing steels due to fatigue induced retained austenite transformation

Sadeghi, Farshid; Singh, Kunwarjeet; Voothaluru, Rohit

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105610

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Conversely, RA that is not adequately stable will undergo the martensitic transformation prematurely, and the maximum benefit is not achieved 24 . This was previously observed for torsional fatigue of AISI 8620 carburized steel 25 . Much of the RA had undergone the phase transformation within the first cycle of fatigue and did not cause significant change in the material condition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…24 This was previously observed for torsional fatigue of AISI 8620 carburized steel. 25 Much of the RA had undergone the phase transformation within the first cycle of fatigue and did not cause significant change in The high RA specimens had a significant amount of RA within the microstructure; however, the RA remained stable throughout the entire test and the RCF performance was worse compared to the lower RA specimens. There is a trade-off between retaining austenite in the matrix and producing a fine martensitic microstructure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This volume expansion was considered to directly reduce damage in the material by acting to close material voids. In accordance with previous work, 25 internal compressive stresses generated by the RA transformation were assigned based on the empirical relationship provided. The empirical relationship also accounts for material relaxation which leads to a decrease in material residual stresses as a function of fatigue cycles and applied stress.…”

Section: Rcf Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retained austenite stability on rolling contact fatigue performance of 8620 case‐carburized steel

Sadeghi

2021

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Varying levels of retained austenite (RA) were achieved through varying undercooling severity in uniformly treated case carburized 8620 steel. Specimens were characterized via XRD and EBSD techniques to determine RA volume fraction and material characteristics prior to rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Higher RA volume fractions did not lead to improvement in RCF lives.XRD measurements after RCF testing indicated that little RA decomposition had occurred during RCF. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) finite element model (FEM) was then developed to investigate the effects of RA stability on RCF. The results obtained from the CDM FEM captured similar behavior observed in the experimental results. Utilizing the CDM FEM, a parametric study was undertaken to examine the effects of RA quantity, RA stability, and applied pressure on RCF performance. The study demonstrates that the energy requirements to transform the RA phase are critical to RCF performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Rcf Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retained austenite stability on rolling contact fatigue performance of 8620 case‐carburized steel

Sadeghi

2021

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…It has already been reported that the presence of WL can lead to early microcracking [ 14 ] and premature failures of components [ 15 ]. The presence of retained austenite [ 16 ] and a very steep stress and microstructure gradient [ 17 ] should also be considered as the main sources of near-surface failures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Residual Stresses and Austenite Gradients in the Surface after Hard Turning as a Function of Flank Wear and Cutting Speed

et al. 2023

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This paper investigates the influence of cutting speed and flank wear on the depth profile of residual stresses, as well as the fraction of retained austenite after hard turning of quenched bearing steel 100Cr6. Residual stress and retained austenite profiles were studied for the white layer, heat-affected zone thickness, and XRD sensing depth. It was found that the influence of flank wear on the white layer and heat-affected zone thickness predominates. On the other hand, residual stresses are affected the cutting speed and the superimposing contribution of flank wear. Moreover, these aspects also alter microhardness in the affected regions. The study also demonstrates that information concerning residual stresses and the austenite fraction is integrated into the white layer, and the heat-affected zone in the surface is produced by the insert of low flank wear since the XRD sensing depth is more than the thickness of the white layer. On the other hand, the pure contribution of the white layer or the heat-affected zone to residual stress and the austenite fraction can be investigated when the affected surface region is thick enough.

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“…。この残留 γ は，疲労過程においても変態することが知られており，これまで低サイクル疲労域 [9][10][11] や高サイクル疲労域 [12][13][14][15] を対象として幅広い研究が行われてきた。その結果，残留 γ は，疲労負荷の 1 サイクル目でその多くが変態し，2 サイクル目以降では変態量が少なく比較的安定になること 10,11,14) ，残留 γ の変態により試験片表面の圧縮残留応力が増加すること [13][14][15]…”

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Change Behavior of Retained Austenite and Residual Stress on Carburized SCM420H Steel during Fatigue Process

et al. 2022

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The transformation behavior of retained austenite in carburized SCM420H steel and its effect on the change in residual stress on a surface are investigated. The retained austenite on the carburized steel is transformed significantly in the first cycle of fatigue loading with a stress ratio of −1, and the transformation is less significant thereafter. Tensile loading significantly affects the transformation of retained austenite as compared with compressive loading. This is because the mechanical driving force that contributes to the martensitic transformation of retained austenite differs under tensile and compressive stresses. To investigate the transformation behavior of retained austenite and residual stress more comprehensively, an in situ X-ray measurement of retained austenite and residual stress is conducted. In the measurement, retained austenite or residual stress on a specimen surface is measured under loading conditions. Results show that the transformation of retained austenite under tensile loading involves a threshold stress value at which the transformation begins. The transformation of retained austenite proceeds when the applied stress exceeds the threshold value; however, no transformation occurs regardless of the number of loading cycles when the applied stress does not exceed the threshold. The compressive residual stress on the specimen surface increases as retained austenite transforms to martensite due to stress loading.

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Residual stress formation and stability in bearing steels due to fatigue induced retained austenite transformation

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Retained austenite stability on rolling contact fatigue performance of 8620 case‐carburized steel

Retained austenite stability on rolling contact fatigue performance of 8620 case‐carburized steel

Study of Residual Stresses and Austenite Gradients in the Surface after Hard Turning as a Function of Flank Wear and Cutting Speed

Change Behavior of Retained Austenite and Residual Stress on Carburized SCM420H Steel during Fatigue Process

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