Residual stress due to curing can initiate damage in porous bone cement: experimental and theoretical evidence

Lennon, Alex; Prendergast, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00216-0

Cited by 94 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Interestingly, there was an appreciable amount of pretest damage to the cement possibly due to high residual stresses from shrinkage upon curing. 26 Pretest damage was recorded previously in laboratoryprepared cemented components. 27 Additional damage might have been induced from specimen preparation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental micromechanics of the cement–bone interface

Mann

Miller

Cleary

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Despite the widespread use of cement as a means of fixation of implants to bone, surprisingly little is known about the micromechanical behavior in terms of the local interfacial motion. In this work, we utilized digital image correlation techniques to quantify the micromechanics of the cement-bone interface of laboratory-prepared cemented total hip replacements subjected to nondestructive, quasistatic tensile and compressive loading. Upon loading, the majority of the displacement response localized at the contact interface region between cement and bone. The contact interface was more compliant ( p ¼ 0.0001) in tension (0.0067 AE 0.0039 mm/MPa) than compression (0.0051 AE 0.0031 mm/MPa), and substantial hysteresis occurred due to sliding contact between cement and bone. The tensile strength of the cement-bone interface was inversely proportional to the compliance of the interface and proportional to the cement/bone contact area. When loaded beyond the ultimate strength, the strain localization process continued at the contact interface between cement and bone with microcracking (damage) to both. More overall damage occurred to the cement than to the bone. The opening and closing at the contact interface from loading could serve as a conduit for submicron size particles. In addition, the cement mantle is not mechanically supported by surrounding bone as optimally as is commonly assumed. Both effects may influence the longevity of the reconstruction and could be considered in preclinical tests. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental micromechanics of the cement–bone interface

Mann

Miller

Cleary

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Studies typically apply a generic modulus (reported to vary from 1.5 to 4.1 GPa (Lewis, 1997)) from the literature. An underlying, and often unstated, assumption is that the cement mantle is stress-free prior to loading, but experimental studies have shown that the thermal and volumetric shrinkage during the cure process results in initial stresses in the range of 1-5 MPa (Lennon and Prendergast, 2002;Li et al, 2004;Ramos et al, 2012) and possibly as high as 10 MPa (Roques et al, 2004). These are of a similar order of magnitude to the stresses generated by loading.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Initial Mechanical Environment Of The Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical algorithms have been developed to describe the temperature evolution during the cure process (Baliga et al, 1992;Borzacchiello et al, 1998;Gilbert, 2006). However, to date only a few studies have simulated the curing process in order to establish the initial stress state (Jeffers et al, 2007;Lennon and Prendergast 2002;Nuno and Avanzolini 2002;Briscoe and New 2010;Perez et al, 2009). Bone cement is a visco-elastic material (Verdonschot and Huiskes 1994;Jeffers et al, 2005) and this will lead to stress relaxation in the first few hours or days, further altering the initial stress state.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Initial Mechanical Environment Of The Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Four decades of finite element analysis of orthopaedic devices: Where are we now and what are the opportunities?

Taylor

Prendergast

2015

Journal of Biomechanics

140

106

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a b s t r a c tFinite element has been used for more than four decades to study and evaluate the mechanical behaviour total joint replacements. In Huiskes seminal paper "Failed innovation in total hip replacement: diagnosis and proposals for a cure", finite element modelling was one of the potential cures to avoid poorly performing designs reaching the market place. The size and sophistication of models has increased significantly since that paper and a range of techniques are available from predicting the initial mechanical environment through to advanced adaptive simulations including bone adaptation, tissue differentiation, damage accumulation and wear. However, are we any closer to FE becoming an effective screening tool for new devices? This review contains a critical analysis of currently available finite element modelling techniques including (i) development of the basic model, the application of appropriate material properties, loading and boundary conditions, (ii) describing the initial mechanical environment of the bone-implant system, (iii) capturing the time dependent behaviour in adaptive simulations, (iv) the design and implementation of computer based experiments and (v) determining suitable performance metrics.The development of the underlying tools and techniques appears to have plateaued and further advances appear to be limited either by a lack of data to populate the models or the need to better understand the fundamentals of the mechanical and biological processes. There has been progress in the design of computer based experiments. Historically, FE has been used in a similar way to in vitro tests, by running only a limited set of analyses, typically of a single bone segment or joint under idealised conditions. The power of finite element is the ability to run multiple simulations and explore the performance of a device under a variety of conditions. There has been increasing usage of design of experiments, probabilistic techniques and more recently population based modelling to account for patient and surgical variability. In order to have effective screening methods, we need to continue to develop these approaches to examine the behaviour and performance of total joint replacements and benchmark them for devices with known clinical performance.Finite element will increasingly be used in the design, development and pre-clinical testing of total joint replacements. However, simulations must include holistic, closely corroborated, multi-domain analyses which account for real world variability.

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“…Maure [17], A.B. Lennon [20], D. T. Yang [21] Where loosening was observed. These authors explain Bone-implant deboning by breaking the cement Where fatigue cracks were observed.…”

Section: Stress Analysis In Pmma Cementmentioning

confidence: 99%