Residual solvent extraction via chemical displacement for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Fang, Min; Tao, Lei; Wu, Wan-Yu; Wei, Qi; Xia, Yingdong; Li, Ping; Ran, Xueqin; Zhong, Qi; Xing, Guichuan; Song, Lin; Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter; Zhang, Hui; Chen, Yonghua

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2021.02.017

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Defect-related nonradiative losses in sequentially deposited perovskite films must be reduced to further increase the efficiency. Although the shallow-level defects in perovskite grains are the dominant intrinsic defects, the grain boundaries generally contain several deep-level defects. , Two categories of passivators exist that reduce the defects of perovskite films: One passivates the perovskite film surface to reduce the surface defects, e.g., aromatic formamidiniums, potassium chloride, ammonium iodide butyrate, phenethylamine, and choline; − the other promotes perovskite crystallization, increases the crystal size, and improves the quality of the active layer to reduce the bulk defects in perovskite films, e.g., pyridine, caffeine, methylenediammonium dichloride, urea, methylammonium acetate, and methylammonium chloride (MACl). − Fewer grain boundaries arising from enlarged grains reduce the carrier recombination at the boundaries, prolong the carrier lifetime, improve the carrier mobility, and reduce the overall nonradiative losses in a PSC, which ultimately improves the PCE and stability. − To enhance the quality of perovskite films, researchers have developed methods involving SnO 2 modification or the inclusion of an additive in perovskite precursor solutions. As Cl addition to a perovskite precursor solution retarded perovskite formation, , Cl addition to a PbI 2 film using sequential deposition should decrease the number of nucleation sites and increase the grain size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Bulk and Surface Defect Passivation

Cai

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The photovoltaic property of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is affected by detrimental defects located at the bulk and surface of perovskite films. Furthermore, defect passivation of the perovskite films is challenging. Herein, we add solid CsCl to PbI 2 precursor solutions to adjust the properties of PbI 2 membranes and obtain perovskite layers with a micrometer-sized grain by reducing grain boundary defects. Bulk defects are reduced by the increase in grain size and decrease in grain boundaries. Fewer bulk defects and the incorporation of Cs increase the device performance, improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 19.72% to 22.24% and suppressing hysteresis. The passivation of surface defects further increases the PCEs and open-circuit voltages (V OC ) of PSCs. Therefore, we use 4-methoxyphenethylamine (CH 3 O−PEAI) to modify the CsCl perovskite films to eliminate the surface defects and suppress nonradiative charge recombination. The surface defect passivation using CH 3 O−PEAI further improves the PCE of the PSCs to 23.25% with a V OC of 1.186 V, resulting in more efficient and stable PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Bulk and Surface Defect Passivation

Cai

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Backward carrier recombination dynamics is well reflected by photovoltage decay behaviors. [ 44,45 ] As in Figure S11, Supporting Information, the normalized photovoltage decay time is extended after being NHS treated, indicating that carrier recombination was suppressed at the interface. [ 46 ] Under the open‐circuit condition on illumination, electron–hole pairs are generated in the perovskite layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Boundary Defect Controlling of Perovskite via N‐Hydroxysuccinimide Post‐Treatment Process in Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Chen

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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Nonradiative recombination on perovskite surface and grain boundary largely constrains the efficiency and stability of photovoltaic devices. Surface passivation has proven to be the most effective strategy to suppress photogenerated carrier recombination. Herein, functional N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is incorporated in perovskite films by suppressing nonradiative losses both in surface and in grain boundary. The NHS molecules are located at the perovskite grain boundary and surface with good compability with the perovskite crystal network, which forms an effective barrier at the grain boundary to prevent the permeation of moisture. Equally important, the interactions between the CO group in NHS and perovskite undercoordinated groups (Pb2+ or Pb clusters) reduce the surface defects of the perovskite, yielding a minimal energy loss. The prolonged lifetime of carriers with NHS‐treated perovskites prevents the carrier quenching at the perovskite grain boundary and interface. As a result, open‐circuit voltage of the solar cell is up to 1.13 V with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.21%. The stability of the device is also significantly improved, wherein devices with NHS retain 81% of the initial PCE after 1000 h at room temperature.

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“…To further confirm the reduced interface traps after EDAFa 2 introduction, the trap density ( N t ) in the Sn-based perovskite film before and after EDAFa 2 treatment was quantified using space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements. N t can be calculated by the following equation N t = 2ε 0 ε r V TFL /( qL 2 ), where ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of perovskite, V TFL is the trap-filled limit voltage, q is the elemental charge, and L is the layer thickness . The hole-only devices with structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite (∼390 nm)/TFB (∼80 nm)/MoO 3 (12 nm)/Ag (100 nm) were fabricated, and typical double logarithmic J – V curves are shown in Figure a,b.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Interfacial Passivation of Sn-Based Perovskite Films with a Bi-functional Ionic Salt for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance

Lin

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Environment-friendly Tin (Sn)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have lately made significant development, showing tremendous promise in addressing the hazardous problems associated with Pb-based PSCs. However, even in N2 atmospheres, the thermodynamic stability of Sn-based perovskite films and long-term stability of Sn-based PSCs are demonstrated to be poor due to the presence of interfacial defect trap states. Here, we demonstrate the post-treatment of Sn-based perovskite films with ethylenediamine formate (EDAFa2) ion salt, serving as a bi-functional interface layer to in situ passivate the interfacial defect and improve the stability of Sn2+ by creating a thermodynamic chemical environment pathway. Moreover, the presence of EDAFa2 is shown to promote the interfacial energy level alignment, which is beneficial for the charge extraction at the interface. As a result, PSC devices with a bi-functional interface achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 9.40% and enhanced stability, retaining ∼95% of the original PCE stored in a N2 environment after ∼1960 h without encapsulation. This work highlights the significant role of an interfacial design in efficient and stable Sn-based PSCs.

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Residual solvent extraction via chemical displacement for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Improvement Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Bulk and Surface Defect Passivation

Improvement Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Bulk and Surface Defect Passivation

Grain Boundary Defect Controlling of Perovskite via N‐Hydroxysuccinimide Post‐Treatment Process in Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

In Situ Interfacial Passivation of Sn-Based Perovskite Films with a Bi-functional Ionic Salt for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance

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