Residual oxidant decay and bromate formation in chlorinated and ozonated sea-water

Richardson, Leonard B.; Burton, Dennis T.; Helz, George R.; Rhoderick, John C.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(81)90074-9

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is known, however, that bromate may enter the aquatic environment as a result of various anthropogenic activities. These activities include the chlorination or ozonation of power plant cooling waters, the disinfection of drinking waters using chlorine, ozone, or perozone, and the use of sodium hypochlorite as an industrial and domestic disinfectant (Burton and Richardson, 1981;Richardson et al, 1981a;Garny, 1994). Given the potential for bromate to enter aquatic ecosystems, a critical review has been undertaken of the available data on the effects of bromate on aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effects of Bromate on Aquatic Organisms and Toxicity of Bromate to Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Embryos

Hutchinson

Hutchings

Moore

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effects of Bromate on Aquatic Organisms and Toxicity of Bromate to Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Embryos

Hutchinson

Hutchings

Moore

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Firstly, ozone can act directly as a disinfectant, readily oxidizing microbial pathogens in the systems. Secondly, the reaction of ozone with halides present in seawater, such as the bromide ion, generates more stable residual oxidant by-products, such as bromine and bromate (Crecelius 1979;Richardson, Burton, Helz & Rhoderick 1981;Grguric, Trefry & Kea¡aber 1994;Tango & Gagnon 2003), which can provide longerlasting microbial disinfection. For many seawater systems using ozone disinfection, the residual oxidants will often be the primary mode of disinfection, due to the instability and transience of ozone in seawater (Crecelius 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of Penaeus monodon Fabricius embryos to ozonated seawater

Coman

Sellars

2007

Aquaculture Res

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The tolerance of Penaeus monodon embryos from five spawnings (families) to four different ozone doses in seawater [0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L−1, measured by the residual oxidant concentration (ROC)] was examined when applied for three exposure times (1, 2 and 4 min) at three post‐spawning treatment times (25, 120 and 480 min post‐spawning). Ozone dose typically had a larger affect on embryo hatching than exposure time and the ozone dose × exposure time interaction for most combinations of family and post‐spawning treatment time. At ozone doses of 2.0 mg L−1, embryos had lower hatchings than controls for all families at 25 and 120 min post‐spawning, and for several combinations of family and exposure time at 480 min post‐spawning. At ozone doses of 1.0 mg L−1, the effect on embryo hatching was more varied between families and exposure times for the three post‐spawning treatment times, but typically embryos were less affected when exposed at later post‐spawning treatment times. Ozone doses of 0.5 mg L−1 typically had minimal effects on hatching for all exposure times and post‐spawning treatment times. In summary, later‐stage P. monodon embryos typically tolerated ozone doses of up to 1.0 mg L−1 in seawater for durations of up to 4 min.

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“…These reactions are pH-dependent since 'OBr is in equilibrium with hypobromous acid (HOBr) and ozone does not oxidize HOBr to BrO 3 ' in the direct ozone pathway. The formation of BrO 3 " through a radical pathway is influenced by both pH and alkalinity (Richardson et al, 1981;Siddiqui et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromate Destruction by UV Irradiation and Electric Arc Discharge

Siddiqui¹,

Amy²,

McCollum³

1996

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Bromate ion destruction by UV irradiation using either a low pressure mercury lamp or a medium pressure mercury lamp has been evaluated. A low pressure lamp which emits radiation predominantly at < 200 nm was more effective than the UV lamp which emits radiation at 254 nm, since bromate ion has a peak absorbance of about 195 nm. Bromate ion was shown to be reduced to bromide ion with bromine as an intermediate. Bromate ion destruction using a low pressure mercury lamp (< 200 nm) ranged from 3 to 38% for doses ranging from 23 to 228 mW-s/cm 2 ; 7-46% destruction was achieved using a medium pressure lamp with initial bromate ion concentrations of 11-38 Hg/L and doses ranging from 60 to 550 mW-s/cm 2 . A new innovative electric arc discharge method also has been evaluated and compared with UV irradiation. The electric arc discharge method destroyed 12-45% bromate ion for doses ranging from 130tol300mW-s/cm 2 .

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Residual oxidant decay and bromate formation in chlorinated and ozonated sea-water

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

A Review of the Effects of Bromate on Aquatic Organisms and Toxicity of Bromate to Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Embryos

A Review of the Effects of Bromate on Aquatic Organisms and Toxicity of Bromate to Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Embryos

Tolerance of Penaeus monodon Fabricius embryos to ozonated seawater

Bromate Destruction by UV Irradiation and Electric Arc Discharge

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