“…Biometric personal identification techniques, such as fingerprint (Jirachaweng et al, 2011), facial (Wang and Wu, 2010), iris (Roy et al, 2011), and vein pattern recognition (Wang et al, 2008), have attracted increased attention on various platforms with higher security and lower identification error rate requirements. Among these techniques, finger-vein verification has been paid growing attention in the biometrics community, because fingervein features hold the merits of uniqueness, stability and anticounterfeit .…”