Residual Limb Health and Prosthetics

Abstract

The residual limb of individuals with lower limb loss is dynamic tissue that is susceptible to both acute and chronic changes to limb volume and health over time. Changes in residual limb volume that affect socket fit may contribute to maladaptive gait patterns and deleterious changes to the socket/limb interface that increase harmful shear stress and contributes to residual limb skin injury. Current socket systems are static and lack the ability to provide end-users and prosthetists with patientcentric data about changes in socket fit over time. There is a need for objective clinical decision-making that results in greater prosthesis usage, improved residual limb health, and better comfort ratings for end-users. Among the socket systems available in the market, the elevated vacuum suspension system improves residual limb skin oxygenation, attenuates socket-induced reactive hyperemia and preserves skin barrier function. This suggests that such a system is compatible with imparting physiological benefits to the residual limb in people with lower limb amputations.

Characterization of Lipid–Protein Interactions and Lipid-Mediated Modulation of Membrane Protein Function through Molecular Simulation

“…754 Meanwhile, evidence from MD simulations has illustrated a common regulatory mechanism among NSSs that involves cholesterol-induced stabilization of the transporter in a particular state, thereby inhibiting its transport cycle. 350,755 Modulation of protein conformational dynamics by direct cholesterol contact has been also found in phospholamban, 765 MHC-II protein, 756 tetraspanin CD81 766 and the Cterminal transmembrane helix of phospholipid scramblase 1. 767 One special case for such cholesterol modulation was manifested in the helix-helix dimer formation of an epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB2.…”

“…750 Besides GPCRs, MD simulations have identified specific cholesterol binding sites in other integral membrane proteins, some of which contain CRAC or CARC motifs. 350,[751][752][753][754][755][756] A variety of cholesterol binding sites and modes have been characterized in ion channels including Kir, 757,758 BK 751 and VDACs. 315 In pentameric ligand-gated ion channels such as nAChR 752,759,760 and GABAAR, 761 cholesterol molecules have been found to bind preferentially to the non-annular sites located at the inter-subunit interfaces.…”

Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing

“…[ 147 ] Cellular components, which may remain as a result of inadequate decellularization of naturally derived materials, can lead to harmful immune responses and scar formation. [ 148 ] Consequently, detailed investigation on the mechanisms by which these hydrogels modulate the inflammatory reactions is necessary.…”

Studying gravitational deflection of light by Kiselev black hole via homotopy perturbation method

“…To solve the null geodesic equation ( 5), one usually uses a perturbation method based on the fact that the last term in this equation is much smaller than the other terms due to the smallness of m. Therefore, to the first order in p given by equation (11), we get the same solution which follows from the standard perturbation method (see, e.g., [8,?]). The essential difference of methods appears already in equation (12).…”