Abstract:Purpose: We performed a cost comparison of immediate second look flexible nephroscopy vs expectant management for post-percutaneous nephrostolithotomy residual fragments. Materials and Methods: We used a decision analysis model to compare the cost of managing residual fragments by second look flexible nephroscopy vs observation. Outcomes of residual fragments after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy were determined from institutional experience and published shock wave lithotripsy series. Cost data were obtained … Show more
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