Residual force enhancement in humans: Current evidence and unresolved issues

Seiberl, Wolfgang; Power, Geoffrey A.; Hahn, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.04.011

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…3, subjects W9 and R2). This phenomenon of so called non-responders was reported in previous studies Oskouei and Herzog, 2005;Seiberl et al, 2015a) but its origin remains unclear so far.…”

Section: Comparison With Literaturementioning

confidence: 75%

Does weightlifting increase residual force enhancement?

Siebert

Kurch²,

Blickhan

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…3, subjects W9 and R2). This phenomenon of so called non-responders was reported in previous studies Oskouei and Herzog, 2005;Seiberl et al, 2015a) but its origin remains unclear so far.…”

Section: Comparison With Literaturementioning

confidence: 75%

Does weightlifting increase residual force enhancement?

Siebert

Kurch²,

Blickhan

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Eccentric contractions play a crucial role in the production and control of movement (Herzog, 2004;Hahn et al, 2010;Seiberl et al, 2013Seiberl et al, , 2015 and contribute to energy efficiency (Schaeffer and Lindstedt, 2013). The benefits of eccentric training are also being increasingly recognized, particularly for exercise intolerant persons (see review by Lindstedt, 2016, in this issue).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high force and low cost of eccentric contractions are robust, appearing in human muscles during movement (Seiberl et al, 2013(Seiberl et al, , 2015 and electrical stimulation (Lee and Herzog, 2002), as well as in isolated muscle preparations including intact muscles (Abbott and Aubert, 1952), single muscle fibers (Edman et al, 1982), single myofibrils and even single isolated sarcomeres ). Yet, the mechanisms for increased force and reduced energy cost during eccentric contractions have long evaded explanation (Minozzo and Lira, 2013;Herzog, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric contraction: unraveling mechanisms of force enhancement and energy conservation

Nishikawa

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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During the past century, physiologists have made steady progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction. However, this progress has so far failed to definitively explain the high force and low energy cost of eccentric muscle contraction. Hypotheses that have been proposed to explain increased muscle force during active stretch include cross-bridge mechanisms, sarcomere and half-sarcomere length non-uniformity, and engagement of a structural element upon muscle activation. The available evidence suggests that force enhancement results from an interaction between an elastic element in muscle sarcomeres, which is engaged upon activation, and the cross-bridges, which interact with the elastic elements to regulate their length and stiffness. Similarities between titin-based residual force enhancement in vertebrate muscle and twitchin-based 'catch' in invertebrate muscle suggest evolutionary homology. The winding filament hypothesis suggests plausible molecular mechanisms for effects of both Ca 2+ influx and crossbridge cycling on titin in active muscle. This hypothesis proposes that the N2A region of titin binds to actin upon Ca 2+ influx, and that the PEVK region of titin winds on the thin filaments during force development because the cross-bridges not only translate but also rotate the thin filaments. Simulations demonstrate that a muscle model based on the winding filament hypothesis can predict residual force enhancement on the descending limb of the length-tension curve in muscles during eccentric contraction. A kinematic model of titin winding based on sarcomere geometry makes testable predictions about titin isoforms in different muscles. Ongoing research is aimed at testing these predictions and elucidating the biochemistry of the underlying protein interactions.

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“…Furthermore, it is well documented that on a submaximal level, for a given amount of force, less muscle activation is required after active lengthening for maintaining a given force output30313233. The characteristics of this stretch-induced activation reduction (AR) were associated with increased neuromuscular efficiency and reduced metabolic costs303234, presumably optimizing the economy of muscle function35. If so, it may be reasoned that AR is beneficial for the resistance to neuromuscular fatigue during or after prolonged muscle action that is preceded by an eccentric lengthening contraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced activation in isometric muscle action after lengthening contractions is not accompanied by reduced performance fatigability

Seiberl

Hahn

Paternoster

2016

Sci Rep

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After active lengthening contractions, a given amount of force can be maintained with less muscle activation compared to pure isometric contractions at the same muscle length and intensity. This increase in neuromuscular efficiency is associated with mechanisms of stretch-induced residual force enhancement. We hypothesized that stretch-related increase in neuromuscular efficiency reduces fatigability of a muscle during submaximal contractions. 13 subjects performed 60 s isometric knee extensions at 60% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with and without prior stretch (60°/s, 20°). Each 60 s trial was preceded and followed by neuromuscular tests consisting of MVCs, voluntary activation (VA) and resting twitches (RT), and there was 4 h rest between sets. We found a significant (p = 0.036) 10% reduction of quadriceps net-EMG after lengthening compared to pure isometric trials. However, increase in neuromuscular efficiency did not influence the development of fatigue. Albeit we found severe reduction of MVC (30%), RT (30%) and VA (5%) after fatiguing trials, there were no differences between conditions with and without lengthening. As the number of subjects showing no activation reduction increased with increasing contraction time, intensity may have been too strenuous in both types of contractions, such that a distinction between different states of fatigue was not possible anymore.

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Residual force enhancement in humans: Current evidence and unresolved issues

Cited by 57 publications

References 72 publications

Does weightlifting increase residual force enhancement?

Does weightlifting increase residual force enhancement?

Eccentric contraction: unraveling mechanisms of force enhancement and energy conservation

Reduced activation in isometric muscle action after lengthening contractions is not accompanied by reduced performance fatigability

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