Residual Dissipation Pattern of Dichlorvos and Etofenprox in Squash under Greenhouse Condition

Dissipation behavior and dietary exposure risk of pesticides in Brussels sprout evaluated using LC–MS/MS

“…Acephate in Brussels sprout decreased slowly compared with acephate in brinjal (2.13 days) 17 , green chili fruit (4.02 days) 18 , and mango (5 days) 19 . The half-life of etofenprox was 9.8 days in Brussels sprout, which is similar to that noted in spring onion (9.5 days) 20 and higher than that noted in tomato (2.15 days) 21 and squash (3.5 days) 22 ; the differences are attributable to the variations in crop properties and enzymes. Imidacloprid’s half-life (11.3 days) was longer in Brussels sprout than in mango (3.06 days) 23 and shorter in the former than in grape (16.6 days) 24 .…”

“…Although oxytetracycline and imidacloprid had low vapor pressure, initial NVs showed the lowest values of 0.24 and 0.45, respectively. The initial NVs were affected by vapor pressure, pesticides’ physicochemical properties, minor substances, and formulation types 20 , 22 , 33 , 34 . For etofenprox, the NV was 1.37 in Brussels sprout; this value has been reported to be 0.06 in squash 22 , 4.37 in squash leaf 22 , 2.09 in Chinese cabbage 34 , and 4.50 in spring onion 20 .…”

“…The initial NVs were affected by vapor pressure, pesticides’ physicochemical properties, minor substances, and formulation types 20 , 22 , 33 , 34 . For etofenprox, the NV was 1.37 in Brussels sprout; this value has been reported to be 0.06 in squash 22 , 4.37 in squash leaf 22 , 2.09 in Chinese cabbage 34 , and 4.50 in spring onion 20 . The NVs of squash leaf, Chinese cabbage, and spring onion were higher than the value of Brussels sprout because of their surface area and texture.…”

“…Previous studies have examined the dissipation of acephate residues in brinjal 17 , green chili fruit 18 , and mango 19 . In the case of etofenprox, there are studies on pesticides’ dissipation patterns in spring onion 20 , tomato 21 , and squash 22 . The dissipation behavior of imidacloprid has been investigated in mango 23 and grape 24 .…”