Residual behavior and risk assessment of flubendiamide on tomato at different agro-climatic conditions in India

Abstract

Supervised field trials were conducted at four different agro-climatic zones in India to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of flubendiamide on tomato. Flubendiamide 480 SC was sprayed on tomato at 48 and 96 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1). Samples of tomato fruits were drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 days after treatment. Quantification of residues was done on a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device with a photo diode array detector. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method was found to be 0.01 mg kg(-1) while limit of detection (LOD) being 0.003 mg kg(-1). Residues of flubendiamide were found below the determination limit of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in 20 days at both the dosages in all the locations. The half-life of flubendiamide at an application rate of 48 g a.i. ha(-1) varied from 0.33 to 3.28 days and at 48-g a.i. ranged from 1.21 to 3.00 days. On the basis of data generated under the All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, a preharvest interval (PHI) of 1 day has been recommended, and the flubendiamide 480 SC has been registered for its use on tomato by the Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The maximum residue limit (MRL) of flubendiamide on tomato has been fixed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India under Food Safety Standard Authority of India, as 0.07 μg g(-1) after its risk assessment.

Extraction and determination of flubendiamide insecticide in food samples: A review

“… Clean-up: MgSO 4 (150 mg), PSA (25 mg), C18 (25 mg). 72.4–119 15 Chen et al (2014) Cabbage D-SPE Extraction: 30 mL acetonitrile, 1.5 g sodium chloride, 6 g anhydrous magnesium sulfate Clean-up: 150 mg MgSO 4 , 25 mg PSA 80.7–99.4 4.90 Sharma et al (2014) Cucumber D-SPE Extraction: 30 mL acetonitrile – 50 mL Teflon -3 g sodium chloride, 9 g anhydrous sodium sulfate (remove moisture). Clean-up: 12 mL acetonitrile +400 mg PSA +1.15 g anhydrous magnesium sulfate.…”

A monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for flubendiamide detection

“…Many analytical methods have been developed for FD residue detection in environmental and food samples, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-visible detection (UVD) 7–10 , HPLC with photodiode array detection (DAD) 11,12 , and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 13 . Conventional instrumental methods exerted remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and reliability, but usually require expensive instruments, large consumption of solvents, highly skilled professionals, and time-consuming sample preparation.…”

Trace analysis of flubendiamide in bee pollen using enhanced matrix removal-lipid sorbent clean-up and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

“…It is a compound which is extremely effective, especially against lepidopteron pests [8], and relatively safe for non-target organisms [9]. The use of this insecticide is currently registered for more than 200 different crops worldwide [10]. In the European Union its use was approved in 2014 for a period of 10 years, and it is currently authorized in Cyprus, Denmark and the Netherlands [11].…”

“…In the present paper, flubendiamide was analyzed in honey using solid phase extraction with C18 cartridges and LC-MS/MS. As it may be appreciated, an analysis of flubendiamide in apicultural matrices has been the object of scant attention, although it has been studied more frequently in other food matrices, mainly vegetables (for instance, cabbage, tomato or cucumber) and fruits [10,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. A sample treatment previously described by Battu et al [15], which mainly consisted of an extraction with acetonitrile, a partition with chloroform; and a treatment with active carbon, was the basis of several of those publications [10,15,19,22,23].…”

“…As it may be appreciated, an analysis of flubendiamide in apicultural matrices has been the object of scant attention, although it has been studied more frequently in other food matrices, mainly vegetables (for instance, cabbage, tomato or cucumber) and fruits [10,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. A sample treatment previously described by Battu et al [15], which mainly consisted of an extraction with acetonitrile, a partition with chloroform; and a treatment with active carbon, was the basis of several of those publications [10,15,19,22,23]. However, in recent years the QuEChERS method, which fulfils several of the requirements of the green analytical chemistry (simplicity, reduced cost, time and number/amount of reagents; [24]), has been also widely used to determine insecticides, including flubendiamide, in foods [14,[16][17][18]20,21].…”