Residual antimicrobial coating efficacy against SARS-CoV-2

Hardison, Rachael L.; Ryan, Shawn; Limmer, Rebecca; Crouse, M; Nelson, Sarah W.; Barriga, Daniela; Ghere, J.M.; Stewart, MJ; Lee, Shin-Da; Taylor, Bradley; James, Ryan R.; Calfee, M. Worth; Howard, Megan W.

doi:10.1111/jam.15437

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At 3 d after infection, a subset of mice was killed and tissue samples were collected for qRT-PCR, TCID 50 (ref. 55 ), histopathology and immunofluorescence analysis.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Pseudotyped Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glucose-like metabolite deficient in diabetes inhibits cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2

Tong

Xiao

et al. 2022

Nat Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The severity and mortality of COVID-19 are associated with pre-existing medical comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying causes for increased susceptibility to viral infection in patients with diabetes is not fully understood. Here we identify several small-molecule metabolites from human blood with effective antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, one of which, 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG), is associated with diabetes mellitus. The serum 1,5-AG level is significantly lower in patients with diabetes. In vitro, the level of SARS-CoV-2 replication is higher in the presence of serum from patients with diabetes than from healthy individuals and this is counteracted by supplementation of 1,5-AG to the serum from patients. Diabetic (db/db) mice undergo SARS-CoV-2 infection accompanied by much higher viral loads and more severe respiratory tissue damage when compared to wild-type mice. Sustained supplementation of 1,5-AG in diabetic mice reduces SARS-CoV-2 loads and disease severity to similar levels in nondiabetic mice. Mechanistically, 1,5-AG directly binds the S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby interrupting spike-mediated virus-host membrane fusion. Our results reveal a mechanism that contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis in the diabetic population and suggest that 1,5-AG supplementation may be beneficial to diabetic patients against severe COVID-19.The outcomes of a viral infection and disease progression are determined by complex host-virus interactions 1,2 . Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations in humans 3,4 . The majority of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have asymptomatic, mild or moderate disease; however, elderly individuals and patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are at a much higher risk of serious illness and even death 5 . Although complex immunological changes may underlie the vulnerability of these

show abstract

“…At 3 d after infection, a subset of mice was killed and tissue samples were collected for qRT-PCR, TCID 50 (ref. 55 ), histopathology and immunofluorescence analysis.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Pseudotyped Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glucose-like metabolite deficient in diabetes inhibits cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2

Tong

Xiao

et al. 2022

Nat Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whilst the manufacturer’s claim the coating to be effective on all materials, these results suggest that antimicrobial coatings should be tested on all surface materials where application is intended as efficacy might differ among them. Hardison et al, 2021 (23) also observed high variability between replicates for one of the products they tested and differences in efficacy between application on stainless steel and ABC plastic were reported for another product. Although it has been claimed that QAC immobilized on a surface inactivates bacteria and viruses on contact (25), this does not mean that the effect is immediate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this and previous studies, when assessed under laboratory conditions and in the absence of interfering substances, quaternary ammonium polymer-based coatings have often shown high virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and its surrogates (ϕ6 and human coronavirus 229E) when applied to stainless steel, polystyrene, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic and poly(methyl methacrylate) coupons (14, 21, 22, 23, 24). However, it is worth noting that low efficacy has also been reported for some QAC-based products, even those with the same or very similar active ingredients as those previously shown to be effective (14, 23), suggesting that different formulations of QAC-based antimicrobial coatings do not necessarily share the same efficacy profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Calfee et al (14) found that seven QAC-based formulations effective against ɸ6 on initial testing were completely ineffective following exposure to wet abrasion cycles in accordance to the US EPA interim guidance (15). Other laboratory studies evaluating QAC-based products have not attempted to assess the durability (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scenario was simulated by incorporating a layer of BSA or FBS over the coating. BSA is a protein commonly used in disinfectant testing (20, 26) and is the major component of FBS, which has also been previously used as an organic challenge (23, 24, 27). FBS has many more components including, lipids and carbohydrates and it is therefore likely to be more representative of general organic debris present on surfaces within public transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Laboratory evaluation of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aranega-Bou¹,

Brown²,

Stigling³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used by the UK rail industry during the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated using the bacteriophage Φ6 as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. Immediately after application and in the absence of interfering substance, the product showed efficacy (>3 log10reduction) on some materials typically used in rail carriages (stainless steel, high pressure laminate and plastic), variable efficacy on glass and no efficacy (<3 log10reduction) on a train armrest made of Terluran 22. If, after application of the product, the surfaces remained undisturbed, the antimicrobial coating retained its efficacy for at least 28 days on all materials where it was effective immediately after application. However, regardless of the material coated or time since application, the presence of organic debris (fetal bovine serum) significantly reduced the viricidal activity of the coating. Wiping the surface with a wetted cloth after organic debris deposition was not sufficient to restore efficacy. We conclude that the product is likely to be of limited effectiveness in a busy multi-user environment such as public transport.

show abstract

Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications

Iyigundogdu,

Couvreur,

Tamrakar

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the mobility market, there is a demand from customers for antimicrobial protection. As a result, the market has grown considerably to provide antiviral and antimicrobial polymers and coatings. This study examines how the efficacy of a non‐commercial antimicrobial thermoplastic elastomer will change over the life of the application. Using an example application of an electric scooter handlebar grip, durability requirements were identified, and antiviral efficacy (exceeding a log value of 3 or >99.9 microbial growth reduction) was compared before and after testing. A scooter handlebar grip was selected as the ideal example application as it was a high‐touch surface, with several different riders. During the start of this study, scooter companies were encouraging their riders to disinfect scooter handlebars before riding, use hand sanitizer, and wear gloves. If the handlebar grip could be antimicrobial, then they could eliminate these steps and provide a safe ride for the users. In order to simulate long‐term durability, UV exposure, temperature, humidity, artificial sweat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and abrasion tests were performed and evaluated in terms of antiviral activity. Accelerated weathering reduced the virucidal activity of the sample versus unexposed antiviral thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). However, the efficacy increased with contact time from 90% to 96.83% at 30 and 120 min, respectively. Abrasion resistance of antiviral TPE showed a volume loss of 66 mm3 compared to control samples of 83 mm3. The antiviral TPE sample exhibited slightly lower efficacy compared to the control after exposure to the artificial sweat (99.43% vs. 99.95%). Additionally, a skin tolerance test conducted on rabbits showed that antiviral TPE was not an irritant and showed no dermal toxicity. The outcome of this study will lead to the development of long‐term durable antimicrobial material for the transportation industry.Highlights The effectiveness of an antimicrobial material depends on various environmental factors. Accelerated weathering of the antiviral TPE reduced the efficacy. The antiviral TPE was non‐irritating to the skin. Significant research needs to continue in this area to provide safe and robust solutions. This approach to antimicrobial incorporation can now be applied to the transportation industry.

show abstract

Residual antimicrobial coating efficacy against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

A glucose-like metabolite deficient in diabetes inhibits cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2

A glucose-like metabolite deficient in diabetes inhibits cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2

Laboratory evaluation of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic

Long‐term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About