“…Concepts like 'neighbourhood effects' (e.g. Bauder, 2002;Overman, 2002;critiqued by Slater, 2013), and discourses on 'concentrated disadvantage' and 'social mix' (Darcy, 2007(Darcy, , 2010Steinberg, 2009), have represented estates as causes of disadvantage -causes of pathological 'cultures', including fecklessness and crime -or social isolation (Arthurson and Jacobs, 2009;Crookes, 2017;Cuny, 2018;Devereux et al, 2011Devereux et al, , 2012Hancock and Mooney, 2013;Jacobs and Flanagan, 2013;Kallin and Slater, 2014;Kearns et al, 2013;Slater, 2018). These representations have been central to the production of territorial stigma; as Wacquant (2008: 8) remarks, 'under cover of describing marginality [they] contribute to moulding it by organizing its collective perception and political treatment'.…”