Residential Magnetic Fields and Measures of Neutral-to-Earth Voltage: Variability Within and Between Residences

Kavet, Robert; Hooper, H Christopher

doi:10.1097/hp.0b013e3181adc96d

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These studies include a pilot study of 36 residences in Pittsfield, MA (19), where the sample was weighted toward residences with proximity to high-voltage transmission lines or large three-phase primary distribution lines, a sample of 191 residences from the Denver, CO metropolitan area where 9% of residences were classified as very high current configuration but not prescreened for V bath (10), and a convenience sample of 15 homes in San Jose, CA where residences were screened for V bath > 20 mV (20). The median values for all three exposure metrics were substantially lower in the NCCLS population than those reported in these three exposure studies conducted with a small number of carefully selected residences in largely urban communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from the pilot study supported the critical assumption that children do have frequent contact with sources of electrical currents while bathing; physical contact in the bathtub (defined as touching the water spout and/or faucet) occurred while bathing 77% of the time for a child aged 1–6, with an average of one contact per bath. The feasibility of conducting residential contact voltage measurements (both point-in-time and long-term measurements) was demonstrated in prior studies (10, 19, 20). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Exposure to Electrical Contact Currents and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia

et al. 2011

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The objectives of this study were to examine the association between contact current exposure and the risk of childhood leukemia and to investigate the relationship between residential contact currents and magnetic fields. Indoor and outdoor contact voltage and magnetic-field measurements were collected for the diagnosis residence of 245 cases and 269 controls recruited in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (2000–2007). Logistic regression techniques produced odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age, sex, Hispanic ethnicity, mother’s race and household income. No statistically significant associations were seen between childhood leukemia and indoor contact voltage level [exposure ≥90th percentile (10.5 mV): OR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 1.54], outdoor contact voltage level [exposure ≥90th percentile (291.2 mV): OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.63], or indoor magnetic-field levels (>0.20 μT: OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.93). Contact voltage was weakly correlated with magnetic field; correlation coefficients were r = 0.10 (P = 0.02) for indoor contact voltage and r = 0.15 (P = 0.001) for outdoor contact voltage. In conclusion, in this California population, there was no evidence of an association between childhood leukemia and exposure to contact currents or magnetic fields and a weak correlation between measures of contact current and magnetic fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exposure to Electrical Contact Currents and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia

et al. 2011

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“…First, norms and recommendations are analysed to define the bases of a reference dosimetry [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Afterwards, the technical standard SBM, Standard of Building Biology 2015, by the Baubiologie Institute of Germany IBN [ 14 ] is adopted and interpreted as a guide for the risk prevention of exposure to geomagnetic field variability expressed in nanoteslas (nT), distinguishing four degrees of possible effects on human beings: Non-significant values 0–100 Weakly significant 100–200 Strongly significant 200–1000 Extremely significant +1000 nT …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Residential Design Related to the Influence of Geomagnetism

Glaria

Arnedo

Gutiérrez

2018

IJERPH

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Since the origin of the Modern Movement, there has been a basic commitment to improving housing conditions and the well-being of occupants, especially given the prediction that 2/3 of humanity will reside in cities by 2050. Moreover, a compact model of the city with tall buildings and urban densification at this scale will be generated. Continuous constructive and technological advances have developed solid foundations on safety, energy efficiency, habitability, and sustainability in housing design. However, studies on improving the quality of life in these areas continue to be a challenge for architects and engineers. This paper seeks to contribute health-related information to the study of residential design, specifically the influence of the geomagnetic field on its occupants. After compiling information on the effects of geomagnetic fields from different medical studies over 23 years, a case study of a 16-story high-rise building is presented, with the goal of proposing architectural design recommendations for long-term occupation in the same place. The purpose of the present work is three-fold: first, to characterize the geomagnetic field variability of buildings; second, to identify the causes and possible related mechanisms; and third, to define architectural criteria on the arrangement of uses and constructive elements for housing.

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The Relationship between Residential Magnetic Fields and Contact Voltage: A Pooled Analysis

et al. 2011

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It has been suggested that residential exposure to contact currents may be more directly associated with the potential for an increased risk of leukemia in childhood than magnetic fields. Contact current exposure occurs when a child contacts a bathtub's water fixtures, which are usually contiguous with a residence's electrical ground, and when the drainpipe is conductive. The Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) is the only epidemiological study known to address whether contact current may confound the reported association between residential magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. The study contributed contact voltage and magnetic-field data for over 500 residences of leukemia cases and control children. We combined these data with the results of previous measurement studies of contact voltage in other communities to conduct an analysis of the relationship of magnetic fields with contact voltage for a total sample of 702 residences. The Spearman correlation of magnetic field with contact voltage was 0.29 (Spearman, P < 0.0001). Magnetic-field and contact voltage data were both divided into tertiles, with an upper magnetic-field cutpoint of 0.3 μT suggested by values used in epidemiological results and an upper contact voltage cutpoint of 60 mV based on dosimetric considerations. Expressed as an exposure odds ratios (EOR), we report an association of contact voltage with magnetic fields of 15.1 (95% CI 3.6-61) as well as a statistically significant positive trend across magnetic-field strata (EOR of 4.2 per stratum with 95% CI 2.4-7.4). The associations appear to be large enough to support the possibility that contact current could be responsible for the association of childhood leukemia with magnetic fields.

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Residential Magnetic Fields and Measures of Neutral-to-Earth Voltage: Variability Within and Between Residences

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Exposure to Electrical Contact Currents and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia

Exposure to Electrical Contact Currents and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia

Advances in Residential Design Related to the Influence of Geomagnetism

The Relationship between Residential Magnetic Fields and Contact Voltage: A Pooled Analysis

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