Residential Community Associations and the American Intergovernmental System

Hawkins, Brett W.; Percy, Stephen L.; Montreal, Steven R.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029928

Cited by 9 publications

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“…5 The services that homeowners' associations in planned developments provide vary substantially, and they can simple or lavish, usually depending on the size of the community. 6 A survey of 627 US homeowners' associations by Hawkins et al (1997) underlies how broad the range of privately-provided services can be. Over 60% of the associations surveyed provided between seven and ten services.…”

Section: A Brief Look At Residential Private Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between public and private governments: An empirical analysis

Cheung

2008

Journal of Urban Economics

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Private governments, found in planned developments and condominiums, are increasingly common methods of delivering local services to residents. This paper provides the first empirical study of their impact on local public finance. A novel data set of homeowners' associations allows construction of a panel of private governments in California. Panel methods test whether public expenditures respond to private government prevalence. Estimates indicate that local governments lower spending moderately in response to private government activity, consistent with strategic substitution. The paper then examines various mechanisms to explain this downloading and shows that the substitutability between public and private providers is key to which services are downloaded. Evidence also suggests that the economies of scale in service production in small cities temper the offloading of public services to private governments.

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Section: A Brief Look At Residential Private Governmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between public and private governments: An empirical analysis

Cheung

2008

Journal of Urban Economics

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“…As the term implies, nested governance organizations are part of the intergovernmental system of sharing authority and delivering services (Hawkins, Percy, & Montreal, 1997). The extent to which higher level governments regulate the creation and operation of such private governments varies by place and organizational form.…”

Section: Government Formation and Institutional Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Private Governments in Urban Areas

Baer

Feiock²

2005

The American Review of Public Administration

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Urban areas are increasingly populated by new organizations called private governments that are created within the boundaries of existing local governments. Examples include homeowner associations, community benefits districts, and business improvement districts. Citizens attempting to form private governments that supply public goods may encounter collective action problems. Utilizing transaction resource theory, the article examines potential collective action problems in forming private governments and explains how solutions to these problems emerge as a consequence of a political contracting process between stakeholders, where the rules of the resulting relational contract define expected cooperative behaviors. The article also applies transaction resource theory to a case study of the contracting process used to overcome potential collective action problems in creating a private government in Baltimore, Maryland. The case study demonstrates the complexities of the contracting process and illustrates how collective action problems might be intertwined in the prephase, negotiation phase, and postphase.

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Urban Governance and Business Improvement Districts: The Washington, DC BIDs

Wolf

2006

International Journal of Public Administration

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Residential Community Associations and the American Intergovernmental System

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The interaction between public and private governments: An empirical analysis

The interaction between public and private governments: An empirical analysis

Private Governments in Urban Areas

Urban Governance and Business Improvement Districts: The Washington, DC BIDs

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