Resident Perceptions of Faculty Behaviors Promoting Learner Operative Skills and Autonomy

Scoping review: exploring residents’ views of supervisor entrustment and its effect on learning and professional development

“…Results revealed that resident autonomy evolved when residents perceived the level of supervision as appropriate, prompting them to strive for higher levels of entrustment [ 3 ]. Furthermore, residents reported a sense of autonomy when they performed their assigned tasks well and experienced development in their entrustment level [ 24 - 26 ]. However, both over- and under-supervision were found to have negative effects on resident autonomy [ 22 - 24 , 26 , 28 ].…”

“…Furthermore, residents reported a sense of autonomy when they performed their assigned tasks well and experienced development in their entrustment level [ 24 - 26 ]. However, both over- and under-supervision were found to have negative effects on resident autonomy [ 22 - 24 , 26 , 28 ].…”

“…Although several factors influence self-confidence, including autonomy and self-regulated learning, supervisor entrustment has been identified as an important factor. This includes the presence or absence of a supervisor and the characteristics and teaching approach of the supervisor during entrustment [ 3 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 ]. Perceived self-confidence varies with the level of supervision.…”

“…In the operating room, residents experienced an enhanced sense of self-confidence when attending physicians valued their opinions, maintained a relaxed demeanor, and provided specific learning objectives and constructive feedback. In contrast, residents reported decreased self-confidence with over-supervision [ 26 ].…”

“…Several studies have reported factors that promote or hinder resident entrustment development as perceived by study participants [ 18 , 25 , 26 , 34 ]. Promoting factors included: (1) residents feeling comfortable with their current level of supervision, (2) supervisors providing constructive feedback, (3) duration of continuous work under the same supervisor, and (4) supervisors demonstrating a positive attitude.…”