Resident microbes of lactation rooms and daycares

Abstract

Dedicated lactation rooms are a modern development as mothers return to work while still providing breastmilk to their absent infants. This study describes the built environment microbiome of lactation rooms and daycares, and explores the influence of temperature and humidity on the microbiome of lactation rooms. Sterile swabs were used to collect samples from five different sites in lactation rooms at University of California, Davis and from five different sites in daycares located in Davis, California. DNA from the swabs was extracted and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Temperature and relative humidity data were collected on a subset of the lactation rooms. Sampled lactation rooms could be either dedicated lactation rooms or could also serve other functions (e.g., combined lactation room and restroom lounge). The majority of sequence reads were identified as belonging to family Moraxellaceae, with 73% of all reads included in analysis identified as an unknown species of Acinetobacter. Alpha diversity was analyzed using the Shannon index, while beta diversity was analyzed using unweighted and weighted UniFrac distance. The Jaccard distance was used to measure amount of change at sampling locations between time points for analysis of the impact of temperature and humidity on the microbiome. There were significant differences in the beta diversity of the microbiome of lactation rooms by room type. There were also significant differences in the beta diversity of the microbiome by sample collection location. There were no significant differences in either alpha or beta diversity associated with room temperature or humidity. Additional studies are needed to understand if the differences in lactation room type may result in differences in the breastmilk microbiome of milk collected in those rooms, and to what extent any such differences may influence the infant microbiome.

Composition and Distribution of Microeukaryotic Communities in the Surface Sediments of Five Geographic Regions of Bohai Sea Based on 18S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing

“…Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was also implemented for data dimension reduction. NMDS is a non-linear model that utilizes distance metrics such as weighted unifrac and unweighted unifrac to assess differences in the community structure [22]. The weighted unifrac and unweighted unifrac distances were calculated based on the abundance information of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the samples.…”

“…The Yellow River Estuary demonstrated higher species richness compared with the Miaodao Archipelago, highlighting the importance of regional differences in shaping eukaryotic community diversity and richness. The use of NMDS analysis and stress values to assess community similarities and differences is a well-established approach in ecological studies [22,35]. We conducted NMDS analysis to identify similarities and differences in the spatial distribution of microeukaryotic communities.…”

Importancia de las salas amigas de la lactancia materna en instituciones educativas. Revisión narrativa

“…Estos lugares son las salas amigas de la lactancia, que deben ser cálidas y agradables y ofrecer condiciones apropiadas para que las mujeres lacten, se extraigan leche y la conserven con normas de seguridad para alimentar posteriormente al bebé (8). Por tanto, deben integrarse a las políticas institucionales que promueven la lactancia en madres trabajadoras y estudiantes (9).…”