Residência e burnout: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract

This study seeks to link the relationship between the work process of residents with a focus on Primary Health Care and the development of burnout syndrome. In-service training programs, whether medical or multi-professional, can favor the development of this syndrome given the pressure for knowledge, the need for improvement and resolvability associated with programs with work overload. This syndrome can be defined as a set of signs and symptoms that characterize the suffering of the worker in his work environment, and can manifest itself through loss of motivation and professional dissatisfaction, being evaluated by three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Professional Accomplishment. The consequences of Burnout are diverse and can impact individually and collectively, causing physical symptoms, psychiatric disorders and interfering in interpersonal relationships and quality of service. Longitudinal study that interviewed, in five moments, all residents enrolled in the year 2018 in Family Health related programs of a public hospital in the interior of São Paulo over the 2 years of residence. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, specific for analysis of the Burnout Syndrome and the Alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) to assess alcohol consumption. The data were analyzed in a descriptive manner and using regression adjusted by the Poisson method to analyze the associations, using the 95% confidence interval. 33 residents were interviewed, aged between 25 and 29 years (48.5%), single (90.9%), catholic (51.5%), coming from the southeastern region of Brazil (84.9%) and female (81.8%). There was an increase in the number of residents who underwent psychotherapy and use of anxiolytics during the period of residence. The participants had higher burnout rates in the second semester of the second year, both when analyzing the 3 indexes (14.29%), and when analyzing 2 or 3 of the subscales (60.17%). Young residents had higher burnout rates for the two criteria adopted, as well as doctors. In addition, there was an association between burnout and work overload, non-performance of leisure activities and psychiatric treatment. Although there are well-defined relationships in the literature, there was no relationship between burnout and alcohol and drug consumption in this study. The identification of the Burnout Syndrome allows the residency programs to elaborate organizational prevention measures either through interpersonal relationships or even through the profile of new residents. Such measures guarantee better professional use, thus preparing, in a dignified and responsible manner, those graduating to the labor market.