Reservoir sensitivity analysis for heterogeneity and anisotropy effects quantification through the cyclic CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage EOR process – A case study from South Rumaila oil field

Al‐Mudhafar, Watheq J.; Rao, Dandina N.; Srinivasan, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.121

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, the GAGD process was suggested for improving oil recovery in the main pay of South Rumaila Oil Field, which is located in south Iraq, through a compositional reservoir simulation study [20]. A higher recovery factor was obtained using CO 2assisted gravity drainage mechanism (recovery factor equal to 32.72%) as compared to continuous gas injection CGI and Water Alternating Gas (WAG) methods (12.35% and 11.37%, respectively) [21,22,23] . On the other hand, new studies presented and integrated downhole water sink with GAGD process to improve recovery in the reservoir with high water cut [24,25].…”

Section: -Co 2 -Oil Gravity Drainage Eor Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Immiscible CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process to Enhance Oil Recovery

Al-Obaidi

Al-Jawad

2020

eijs

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The Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process has become one of the most important processes to enhance oil recovery in both secondary and tertiary recovery stages and through immiscible and miscible modes. Its advantages came from the ability to provide gravity-stable oil displacement for improving oil recovery, when compared with conventional gas injection methods such as Continuous Gas Injection (CGI) and Water – Alternative Gas (WAG). Vertical injectors for CO2 gas were placed at the top of the reservoir to form a gas cap which drives the oil towards the horizontal oil producing wells which are located above the oil-water-contact. The GAGD process was developed and tested in vertical wells to increase oil recovery in reservoirs with bottom water drive and strong water coning tendencies. Many physical and simulation models of GAGD performance were studied at ambient and reservoir conditions to investigate the effects of this method to enhance the recovery of oil and to examine the most effective parameters that control the GAGD process. A prototype 2D simulation model based on the scaled physical model was built for CO2-assisted gravity drainage in different statement scenarios. The effects of gas injection rate, gas injection pressure and oil production rate on the performance of immiscible CO2-assisted gravity drainage-enhanced oil recovery were investigated. The results revealed that the ultimate oil recovery increases considerably with increasing oil production rates. Increasing gas injection rate improves the performance of the process while high pressure gas injection leads to less effective gravity mediated recovery.

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Section: -Co 2 -Oil Gravity Drainage Eor Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Immiscible CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process to Enhance Oil Recovery

Al-Obaidi

Al-Jawad

2020

eijs

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“…More specifically, the heterogeneity and anisotropy effects were assessed in terms of the reservoir horizontal permeability and anisotropy ratio, respectively. It was concluded that the impact of permeability anisotropy on the GAGD process is higher than that of heterogeneity, because the GAGD process adopts vertical fluid movements from the top reservoir to the horizontal producers …”

Section: Gagd Reservoir-scale Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that the impact of permeability anisotropy on the GAGD process is higher than that of heterogeneity, because the GAGD process adopts vertical fluid movements from the top reservoir to the horizontal producers. 64 The efficiency of the GAGD process is reduced in reservoirs with high tendencies and high water cuts. Therefore, downhole water sink technology has been integrated into the GAGD process to overcome the limitations of GAGD in these reservoirs.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Coreflooding and Scaled Physical Model Experiments to Field-Scale Enhanced Oil Recovery Evaluations: Comprehensive Review of the Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process

Al‐Mudhafar

2018

Energy Fuels

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The gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) process has been suggested to improve oil recovery in both secondary and tertiary stages through immiscible and miscible injection modes. In contrast to continuous gas injection and water-alternating gas, the GAGD process takes advantage of the natural segregation of reservoir fluids to provide gravity-stable oil displacement and improve oil recovery. In the GAGD process, the gas is injected through vertical wells at the top of the reservoir to formulate a gas cap that allows oil and water to drain downward to the reservoir bottom, where horizontal producer(s) are placed. Extensive experimental works and limited reservoir-scale evaluation studies have been conducted to test the effectiveness of the GAGD process performance. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review is presented to summarize all of the references about concepts, principles, and field-scale evaluations of the GAGD process. Particularly, this paper presents an introduction to the mechanisms of CO2–rock–fluid interactions, gas enhanced oil recovery injection approaches, the GAGD process physical model, the factors influencing the GAGD process, and a review of all of the previous field-scale evaluation studies. Furthermore, the validation of the GAGD process in reservoir-scale applications is fully discussed by focusing on its weaknesses with respect to the optimal implementation design for achieving maximum oil recovery.

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“…5 Theoretical research and eld practice has demonstrated that GAGD can inhibit viscous ngering and increase swept volume and ultimate recovery factor. [6][7][8][9] GAGD is inuenced by many factors, [10][11][12][13] including heterogeneity, wettability, and water saturation of the reservoir, uid property, gas injection rate, and oil recovery factor. Dominant seepage zones or dominant seepage paths frequently occur in the reservoirs with high heterogeneity, leading to early gas breakthrough and sweep efficiency reduction during CGI or WAG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance demonstration of gas-assisted gravity drainage in a heterogeneous reservoir using a 3D scaled model

et al. 2021

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Reservoir sensitivity analysis for heterogeneity and anisotropy effects quantification through the cyclic CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage EOR process – A case study from South Rumaila oil field

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Numerical Simulation of Immiscible CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process to Enhance Oil Recovery

Numerical Simulation of Immiscible CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process to Enhance Oil Recovery

From Coreflooding and Scaled Physical Model Experiments to Field-Scale Enhanced Oil Recovery Evaluations: Comprehensive Review of the Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process

Performance demonstration of gas-assisted gravity drainage in a heterogeneous reservoir using a 3D scaled model

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