Reservoir Animals and Their Roles in Transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini

Tangkawattana, Sirikachorn; Tangkawattana, Prasarn

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.003

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Although any fish-eating mammals may be potential definitive hosts of O. viverrini , only a few, especially domestic cats and dogs, are actually known reservoir hosts for this parasite (Tangkawattana and Tangkawattana, 2018). The prevalence of O. viverrini infection is higher among cats (30.92%) than dogs (0.20%); accordingly, cats may play an important role in the transmission and maintenance of this disease in Thailand (Aunpromma et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and differences among the Opisthorchiidae liver flukes: insights from Opisthorchis felineus

Pakharukova

Mordvinov

2022

Parasitology

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The foodborne liver trematode Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is a member of the triad of phylogenetically related epidemiologically important Opisthorchiidae trematodes, which also includes O. viverrini (Poirier, 1886) and Clonorchis sinensis (Loos, 1907). Despite similarity in the life cycle, Opisthorchiidae liver flukes also have marked differences. Two species (O. viverrini and C. sinensis) are recognized as Group 1A biological carcinogens, whereas O. felineus belongs to Group 3A. In this review, we focus on these questions: Are there actual differences in carcinogenicity among these 3 liver fluke species? Is there an explanation for these differences? We provide a recent update of our knowledge on the liver fluke O. felineus and highlight its differences from O. viverrini and C. sinensis. In particular, we concentrate on differences in the climate of endemic areas, characteristics of the life cycle, the range of intermediate hosts, genomic and transcriptomic features of the pathogens, and clinical symptoms and morbidity of the infections in humans. The discussion of these questions can stimulate new developments in comparative studies on the pathogenicity of liver flukes and should help to identify species-specific features of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis pathogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and differences among the Opisthorchiidae liver flukes: insights from Opisthorchis felineus

Pakharukova

Mordvinov

2022

Parasitology

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“…Indeed, the presence of an animal reservoir was cited as the reason why liver flukes could not feasibly be considered for eradication iii . The basis for the assumption of zoonotic transmission relies on morphological similarity and geographic proximity [59]. We are not aware of any molecular studies which demonstrate that O. viverrini in humans and nonhuman animals represent the same population.…”

Section: Zoonotic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Evidence-based Control of Opisthorchis viverrini

Crellen

Sithithaworn

Pitaksakulrat

et al. 2021

Trends in Parasitology

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Transmission of the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is ongoing across Southeast Asia. Endemic countries within the region are in different stages of achieving control. However, evidence on which interventions are the most effective for reducing parasite transmission, and the resulting liver cancer, is currently lacking. Quantitative modelling can be used to evaluate different control measures against O. viverrini and assist the design of clinical trials. In this article we evaluate the epidemiological parameters that underpin models of O. viverrini and the data necessary for their estimation, with the aim of developing evidence-based strategies for parasite control at a national or regional level. Assessing InterventionsControl initiatives against the liver fluke O. viverrini are driven by two related aims. Firstly, to reduce transmission of the parasite, leading to its elimination (see Glossary). Secondly, to halt the progression of O. viverrini-induced liver pathology, and thus prevent new cases of cholangiocarcinoma [1]. In endemic regions, definitive hosts become infected through consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked freshwater fish encysted with metacercariae and perpetuate the life cycle by defecating into water sources containing snails of the Bithynia genus. Programmes to control O. viverrini therefore have a number of interventions available to them, including health education to promote safe eating habits; case diagnosis and anthelmintic treatment; improvements to sanitation; and food safety controls [2]. Parasite-induced liver pathology can be tackled with ultrasound screening to detect periductal fibrosis, an early warning sign of cholangiocarcinoma; and operative surgery to improve survival rates [3]. With such a variety of tools on offer, policy makers, international health organisations, and affected communities are entitled to ask: what works? Which measures are most effective at interrupting transmission of the parasite and reducing mortality in a cost-effective, sustainable manner?The traditional method for answering this question is through randomised controlled trials, which are the gold standard for assessing interventions [4]. Such trials, however, are costly, take many years, and require substantial manpower and expertise. It is also unethical to conduct trials in contexts where public health initiatives are ongoing and would have to be withdrawn for participants allocated into the control arm of a trial. An alternative approach is to use quantitative models to make predictions on the effectiveness of different control strategies. These models take myriad forms, can be parameterised from routinely collected field data, and provide considerable insight for a fraction of the cost of a trial. Different types of models that can capture macroparasite dynamics are summarised in Box 1.When the need to conduct a clinical trial is unavoidable, for example on novel therapeutics or diagnostics, dynamic simulations can provide powerful insights into trial design, power HighlightsH...

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“…The only case of opisthorchiasis reported in the Philippines was from Davao -the adult parasite was found in the bile ducts of a surgical patient (Belizario and Ciro, 2020). Dogs and cats are also susceptible to O. viverrini infections and are regarded as important reservoirs of human infections in Thailand and Vietnam (Aunpromma et al, 2012(Aunpromma et al, , 2016Tangkawattana and Tangkawattana, 2018). A recent systematic review and metanalysis revealed that male sex, young age (< 24 years), older age (> 55 years), low educational attainment, being a laborer and farmer, living near the Mekong River, having pet dogs and cats, and previous infection and praziquantel intake were associated with O. viverrini infections (Pengput and Schwartz, 2020).…”

Section: Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monsters in our food: Foodborne trematodiasis in the Philippines and beyond

Tenorio¹,

Molina²,

Agriculture³

2021

VIS

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Foodborne trematodiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by zoonotic trematodes that persist mainly in impoverished areas in the Asia-Pacific region. Globally, about 2 million disability life years (DALYs) are lost due to these parasitic infections. Four groups of foodborne trematodes are known to cause significant illness: fish-borne liver fluke infections caused by Opisthorchis and Clonorchis spp.; water vegetable-borne Fasciola spp. infections; crustacean-vectored paragonimiasis; and those caused by intestinal trematodes. In the Philippines, endemic foodborne trematodes of public health concern include Paragonimus westermani, some members of Heterophyidae and Echinostomatidae, and Fasciola hepatica/ F. gigantica. Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis have also been reported in the country. Data on the epidemiology of these zoonotic illnesses remain scarce and in need of research attention in the Philippines. Culturally rooted eating behaviors in endemic areas are important risk factors to acquiring and perpetuating foodborne trematodiasis. The combination of mass drug administration (MDA), provision of clean water and maintenance of good sanitation and hygiene (WASH), community health education towards modification of risky behaviors, surveillance, and veterinary public health interventions have been shown to be effective in combatting these zoonotic parasitoses. An integrated control and prevention program anchored on the One Health paradigm is a must to address these illnesses. This paper aims to review the biology and epidemiology of, and public health interventions against zoonotic foodborne trematodiasis in the Philippines and its neighboring countries.

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Reservoir Animals and Their Roles in Transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Similarities and differences among the Opisthorchiidae liver flukes: insights from Opisthorchis felineus

Similarities and differences among the Opisthorchiidae liver flukes: insights from Opisthorchis felineus

Towards Evidence-based Control of Opisthorchis viverrini

Monsters in our food: Foodborne trematodiasis in the Philippines and beyond

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