Reserved Seats in National Legislatures: A Research Note

Reynolds, Andrew

doi:10.3162/036298005x201563

Cited by 67 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The literature on minority quotas (including reservations) is a lot less extensive, leaving these institutions 'little understood' in general (Bird, 2014, p. 12). Whereas a range of contributions aim to provide systematic classifications of the universe of cases (Bird, 2014;Krook & O'Brien, 2010;Meier, 2009;Reynolds, 2005;Vukelic, 2012) few studies analyse the causal effects of reservations on representation or other outcomes, such as democratic stability and minority empowerment (for the latter, see Lončar, in press). The literature investigating the impact of reserved seats on substantive representation to a large extent consists of studies taking advantage of sub-national variation in India and applying a distributive operationalisation of acting in the minority interest, be it in terms of public goods or private transfers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reserved Seats, Political Parties, and Minority Representation

Zuber

2015

Ethnopolitics

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This article seeks to clarify the relationship between reserved seats filled through competitive elections, political parties, and substantive minority representation. It argues that the party affiliation of the minority representative moderates the impact of reserved seats on substantive representation since minority and party constituencies can cross-pressure a representative or, in the case of overlap, can allow her to cater to party and minority interests simultaneously. Drawing on empirical examples, the article first classifies party affiliations along the criterion of overlap between minority interests and party appeal into five categories: 'coinciding ethnic' parties, 'multi-ethnic' parties, 'partial ethnic' parties, 'other ethnic' parties, and 'non-ethnic' parties. Hypotheses about how these affiliations affect a reserved-seat representative's willingness to act for the minority are later developed, expecting a strong positive effect of the coinciding ethnic party, a weak positive effect for multi-and partial ethnic parties, a negative effect for other ethnic parties, and no effect for non-ethnic party affiliation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reserved Seats, Political Parties, and Minority Representation

Zuber

2015

Ethnopolitics

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“…Carey and Polga-Hecimovich 2006, Hirano, Sny-der, and Ting 2009, Serra 2011) and the impact of gender and ethnic quotas on representational equity (cf. Bhavnani 2009, Jones 2009, Reynolds 2005. The literature on ballot layout-the organization and presentation of choices on the ballot-encompasses a vast research program on the manner in which the capacity of voters to manifest preferences over candidates contained within party lists (in proportional representation systems) affects party discipline (cf.…”

Section: Theses About the Consequences Of The Australian Ballotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Institutions Cure Clientelism? Assessing the Impact of the Australian Ballot in Brazil

Gingerich

2013

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. Terms of use: Documents inThe unauthorized commercial use of Bank documents is prohibited and may be punishable under the Bank's policies and/or applicable laws. Copyright ©Inter-American Development Bank. This working paper may be reproduced for any non-commercial purpose. It may also be reproduced in any academic journal indexed by the American Economic Association's EconLit, with previous consent by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), provided that the IDB is credited and that the author(s) receive no income from the publication. This paper examines how the adoption of the Australian ballot (AB), and ipso facto, the transition from the nominal to effective secret vote, shaped the nature of party politics in Brazil. Engaging the literature on political clientelism, the impact of the AB on three outcomes is studied: 1) the ideological leanings of voters at the ballot box; 2) the degree of electoral control enjoyed by local vote brokers; and 3) the capacity of citizens to effectively participate in the electoral process. In order to get leverage on these issues, the paper utilizes an original dataset-painstakingly assembled from regional electoral archives-which contains municipal-level vote returns for federal deputy and senate contests during the period before and after the AB's introduction in Brazil (1958Brazil ( -1962. The dataset exploits the fact that the AB was introduced at different times in different states and for different offices in the country, thereby creating an unprecedented opportunity to assess the impact of this institution. Using a triple difference-in-difference procedure, the study finds that the AB: 1) shifted the ideological balance of power from Right to Left; 2) did not greatly weaken the hand of vote brokers; and 3) greatly increased the proportion of wasted votes cast in elections. Cataloging-in-PublicationJEL Classification: K, O17, D72, N4, N46

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“…As in many attempts to alter incentive structures, the devil lies in the practical details and superficially similar legislative policies may turn out to have different consequences in different nations. Table 4) (Reynolds, 2005). One advantage of this mechanism is that it guarantees a minimum number of women in elected office, without the uncertainty that arises from the implementation of statutory quotas.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Electoral Reform on Women's Representation

Norris

2006

Acta Polit

112

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One concern about reform of the electoral system in the Netherlands is whether this would reduce the proportion of women members in the House of Representatives. What evidence is there for this expectation? This study considers these issues, with the first section summarizing the normative arguments why socially inclusive legislatures are thought to be desirable. The representation of women in the Netherlands parliament is compared against the record in other countries worldwide. The second section analyzes the impact of electoral systems on gender representation, confirming that substantially more women are usually elected in systems using party list proportional representation, especially those such as the Netherlands which have a large district magnitude, compared with majoritarian electoral systems using single member districts. Any reform that moves away from nationwide PR in the Netherlands will therefore probably reduce the proportion of women in parliament unless other compensatory actions are taken. Subsequent sections examine alternative strategies that could be adopted, including statutory quotas regulating the candidate selection process for all parties (for example, as used in Belgium), the role of reserved seats in legislatures, and the use of voluntary quotas in candidate selection rules implemented by particular parties. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and arguments surrounding electoral reform in the Netherlands. Acta Politica (2006Politica ( ) 41, 197-213. doi:10.1057 Keywords: representation; women; gender; electoral systems Inclusive DemocracyRecent decades have witnessed growing demands for the inclusion and empowerment of women and minorities in elected office. Feminist theorists suggest that the presence of women leaders facilitates the articulation of different perspectives on political issues, where elected representatives are not just 'standing as' women but also 'acting for' women as a group (Phillips, 1995(Phillips, , 1998Mansbridge, 1999). An accumulating body of evidence in North America, Scandinavia and Western Europe suggests that, while not transforming parliaments, women legislators do raise distinctive concerns and issue

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Reserved Seats in National Legislatures: A Research Note

Cited by 67 publications

References 2 publications

Reserved Seats, Political Parties, and Minority Representation

Reserved Seats, Political Parties, and Minority Representation

Can Institutions Cure Clientelism? Assessing the Impact of the Australian Ballot in Brazil

The Impact of Electoral Reform on Women's Representation

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