Reserved autochthonous dendrosozophytes of the plain part of the forest area of Ukraine

Abstract

Nowadays, in the aspect of solving the problem of loss of biodiversity and ensuring its protection, the coverage of inventory studies of species representing rare phytodiversity and regions that may experience or are experiencing certain negative natural or anthropogenic influences is of significant theoretical and practical importance. Among them is Ukraine, whose territory has become an example of large-scale transformation of natural complexes under the influence of war, including in the zone of forest vegetation dominance. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the floristic composition of autochthonous species of tree-morphic and lignified plants, which are included in the official "red lists" of all levels (international, state-wide and regional (regional)) and which grow on the territory of Ukraine within the mixed zone (Ukrainian Polissia) and broad-leaved forests zone of Ukraine in territories with nature protection status. At the same time, based on generally accepted methods, the taxonomic, phytomorphological by H. Raunkier, biomorphological, geographical, ecological structure of the flora of the specified group of plants, in relation to which the term "autochthonous dendrosozophytes" was used, was analyzed. It has been established that the autochthonous protected dendrosozophytes of the deciduous forest area of Ukraine, in comparison with the Ukrainian Polissia, are represented not only by more species (87 vs. 58), but also in the system of structural floristic analysis, usually by a higher number of gradations. For almost all floristic structures the species composition of both regions showed a rather high degree of similarity in the aspect of distribution by the corresponding gradations of the maximum (often close to it) proportion of plants. The dendroflora of these two regions turned out to be the most similar in terms of the representation of plants of different biomorphs and life forms according to Raunkier. The similarity of the taxonomic structure was manifested in the fact that plants of the Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Ericaceae, Salicaceae families play a significant role in the composition of the flora of both regions. For the dendrosozoflora, the fact that the largest specific weight of it is made up of plants that are subject to protection at the regional level is also evident. There are clearly expressed differences between the compositions of dendrosozophytes of these regions in the phytogeographic structure, in relation to different geoelements. In the Ukrainian Polissia plants of European and in the area of deciduous forests of Ukraine plants of boreal geoelements there prevail. Some differences are observed in the ecological structure, namely in the extent to which they belong to the xerophytic and hygrophytic hygrogroups. There is also a noticeable difference in the distribution of the proportion of species of transitional hygrogroups. In the species composition of the deciduous forests of Ukraine there is a slightly higher proportion of plants that tend to dry and insufficient moist areas. The results of a comparison of the leading features of the autochthonous protected dendrosozoflora of the Ukrainian Polissia and broad-leaved forests testify to the existence of objectively indicate that there are specific features in each of these regional plant groups. Part of them is a natural consequence of the features of eco-conditions, geographical location of the regions, the evolution of the regional flora formation. Accordingly, all nature protection and restoration measures in the territory of the forest zone should be such as to preserve both its own rare phytodiversity and not to disturb its established structural features characteristic of the regions.