Reserve from wind power potential in system economic loading

Abstract

The growth of wind power in some power systems is hampered by the system requirement for emergency reserve to cover loss of the biggest infeed. The study demonstrates that reserve provision from the wind sector itself has economic and operational benefits. A heuristic algorithm has been developed that can model the relevant aspects of emergency reserve provision in a system with both thermal and wind generations. The proposed algorithm is first validated by comparing its performance with established economic scheduling methods applied to a representative power system. The algorithm is then used to demonstrate the economic benefit of reserve provision from the wind sector. It is shown that such provision reduces wind energy curtailment and thermal unit ramping. Finally, it is shown that a wind sector capable of providing emergency reserve can expand economically beyond the capacity limit that would otherwise apply.

A Novel Correlation Model for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Operating at High-Interference Flow Regimes

“…These may often occur in transient states during control actions [7,8]. Other scenarios which could drive blade sections into this regime would be when the turbine operates in part load conditions during high winds storing kinetic energy [9][10][11][12][13], sudden drop in effective or actual wind [14], and failure of control actions. Sebastian [14] explains how off-shore wind turbines can frequently encounter such flow states.…”

Optimal reserve provision regulation for wind farms equipped with energy storage systems

“…Roald also proposed a statistical method to analyze the capability of wind farms following active power set point. Tang analyzed the potential of wind farms providing power reserve in terms of economics and operation benefits. In the study, wind power uncertainties were brought up as an influencing factor in reserve providing.…”

A review of balancing costs in Italy before and after RES introduction

“…Another stream of literature considers the conditions for participation of RES units in balancing markets. Indeed, [22] and [24] proved that wind has the required potential flexibility to operate in balancing sessions for both up-and down-regulation and for reducing thermal ramping and wind curtailment. Moreover, [13] analyze the current Spanish market design and suggest provisions for the adaptation of balancing arrangements to the participation of renewable producers.…”