Reserve Carbohydrates of Algae, Fungi, and Lichens

Manners, D. J.; Sturgeon, R. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68275-9_12

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Laminarin has not been isolated from rhodophytes, although small amounts have been detected in a few chlorophyte taxa (Manners & Sturgeon, 1982;Stone & Clarke, 1992). Since laminarin in these chlorophytes co-occurs with starch, its function and importance in these algae is uncertain (Manners & Sturgeon, 1982;Stone & Clarke, 1992). The P. alboscapularis extracts in this study degraded the low MW 1,3--glucan laminarin, but not the high MW AZCL-Pachyman.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and endogenous carbohydrases in the temperate marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus

Moran

Clements

2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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Stomach content analysis showed that Kyphosus sydneyanus collected by spearing from coastal reefs near Leigh, north-east New Zealand, is herbivorous throughout its post-settlement life. All size classes collected consumed a wide range of macroalgae, predominantly the phaeophytes Carpophyllum maschalocarpum and Ecklonia radiata, and the rhodophytes Gigartina macrocarpa and Caulacanthus ustulatus. Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis showed an ontogenetic diet shift, with gut contents dominated by rhodophytes and chlorophytes in juveniles and by phaeophytes in adults. No significant seasonal variation in diet was apparent for any size class. Amylase and amylopectinase activity was highest in the smaller size classes. Laminarinase activity was relatively low throughout all size classes, and did not correlate with the ontogenetic increase in phaeophyte consumption. The activity of endogenous enzymes hydrolysing starch broadly correlated with rhodophyte consumption in adult specimens of three other species of marine herbivorous fishes: Odax pullus, Girella tricuspidata and Parma alboscapularis; laminarin hydrolysis, however, was negatively correlated with phaeophyte consumption. Overall, the diet and enzyme results suggest that juvenile K. sydneyanus rely mainly on the endogenous digestion of rhodophytes and chlorophytes, while exogenous (microbial) digestion is used to digest the phaeophyte-dominated diet of adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and endogenous carbohydrases in the temperate marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus

Moran

Clements

2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Photosynthetic organisms store a wide variety of polyglucans as photosynthetic products (Manners and Sturgeon 1982). The Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Dinophyta, and cyanobacteria contain -(1!4)-polyglucans branched at -(1!6)-glucosidic linkages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and physiological studies on the storage β-polyglucan of haptophyte Pleurochrysis haptonemofera

Hirokawa

Fujiwara

Suzuki

et al. 2007

Planta

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The storage beta-polyglucan and catabolic enzyme activities of the haptophyte Pleurochrysis haptonemofera were characterized. The storage beta-polyglucan was prepared by the dimethylsulfoxide-extraction method. (13)C- and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polyglucan consists of beta-(1-->3)- and beta-(1-->6)-linked glucose polymers, with a beta-(1-->6)- to beta-(1-->3)-linkage ratio of 1.5. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight of the polyglucan is 1.1-8.4 x 10(4) Da, with a peak at 3.4 x 10(4) Da. The degree of polymerization, which was estimated from the amounts of total carbohydrate and reduced ends, was 203, corresponding to 3.3 x 10(4) Da. A method for measurement of the beta-polyglucan in a small amount of liquid culture involving a mixture of beta-glucanases, Westase, was established. The beta-polyglucan was localized in the soluble fraction of cells. The amount of beta-polyglucan per cell increased at the stationary phase under continuous illumination and decreased in the dark, like those of storage alpha-polyglucans, starch of green algae and glycogen of cyanobacteria. The activities of beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucanases involved in the degradation of the storage beta-polyglucan were assayed in vitro, both being optimal at pH 5.0. The beta-1,3-glucanase activity, which was detected on active staining after native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography.

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“…The only noticeable difference in the spectra of the three starches is the so-called α-anomeric band located near 850 cm -1 [25]. Floridean starch from Glv had a α-anomeric peak located at 860 cm -1 , resulting The peaks were integrated and corrected as described earlier [11]. 890 cm -1 (Fig.…”

Section: Spectral Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a novel α-1,4and α-1,6-glucan, floridean starch was studied mainly in the 1950's and 1960's, often with minute amounts of material [9][10][11]. Since then little work has been done in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical Characterization of Floridean Starch of Red Algae

Yu¹,

Blennow²,

Bojko³

et al. 2002

Starch/Stärke

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The current work reports on isolation and physico-chemical characterization of floridean starch from three species of agarophytic macro red algae. As determined by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, the average chain length and degree of branching frequency of this starch were 18 and 4.8, respectively. According to its amylopectin chain length distribution obtained by Dionex analysis, the crystalline polymorph of floridean starch from the red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was deduced to be C-type and this was further supported from its X-ray crystallographic pattern. Enzymatic analysis of its glucose 6-phosphate content showed that floridean starch had a low level of covalently linked phosphate (1 nmol per milligram starch) and this was further confirmed by 31 P-NMR. The absorbance peak of floridean starch with iodine occurred at 527-530 nm and the blue value was low (0.1), indicating the absence of amylose, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Floridean starch exhibited low gelatinization temperature, low viscosity, high clarity and little or no retrogradation upon repetitive freeze-thaw cycles, as studied by DSC and rapid viscosity analysis (RVA). These results are discussed in light of the functional properties and the structure of floridean starch.

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Reserve Carbohydrates of Algae, Fungi, and Lichens

Cited by 19 publications

References 167 publications

Diet and endogenous carbohydrases in the temperate marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus

Diet and endogenous carbohydrases in the temperate marine herbivorous fish Kyphosus sydneyanus

Structural and physiological studies on the storage β-polyglucan of haptophyte Pleurochrysis haptonemofera

Physico-chemical Characterization of Floridean Starch of Red Algae

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