Resection of Cervical Intramedullary Ependymoma Under D-Wave and SSEP/MEP Monitoring without the Use of Coagulation

Krause approach to pineal tumour with intraoperative oculomotor nerve monitoring

“… 11 EOG is a novel, efficient and simple method to prevent post-operative extraocular motor nerve palsy. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 …”

“…Electrical stimulation of the VI CN yields a negative monophasic response in horizontal channel traces, indicating movements of the eyeball away from active electrode. 9 , 10 , 11 Vertical traces can be stimulated by both Oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV) nerve stimulation and yields a biphasic wave 12 , 13 , 14 in the vertical channel traces as seen in the video.

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