Researches of Epigenetic Epidemiology for Infections and Radiation as Carcinogen

Abstract

In recent years, a number of studies have been reported on the various types of cancer arising from epigenetic alterations, including reports that these epigenetic alterations occur as a result of radiation exposure or infection. Thyroid cancer and breast cancer, in particular, have high cancer burden, and it has been confirmed that radiation exposure or onco-viral infection are linked to increased risk of development of these two types of cancer, respectively. Thus, the environment-epigenetic alteration-cancer occurrence (EEC) hypothesis has been suggested. This paper reviews the trends in research supporting this hypothesis for radiation exposure and onco-viral infection. If more evidences accumulate for the EEC hypothesis from future research, those findings may greatly aid in the prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the thyroid cancer and breast cancer.

HDAC1 and HDAC2 Double Knockout Triggers Cell Apoptosis in Advanced Thyroid Cancer

“…To date, the USA FDA has approved four HDACis, including vorinostat (SAHA, 2006), romidepsin (FK228, 2009), belinostat (PXD101, 2014) and panobinostat (LBH-589, 2015), which are widely used as anticancer drugs, especially for refractory cutaneous and peripheral T cell lymphoma and multiple melanoma. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic alternations (DNA methylation, acetylation and chromatin modification) play key roles in thyroid cancer development, as well as cancer cell growth and differentiation [6,7,8,9,10]. Previous studies have shown that epigenetic modification causes gene silencing, which substantially decreases the responsiveness of thyroid tumors to radioiodine therapy [11,12,13].…”

Carcinógenos ambientales asociados a cáncer infantil

“…La exposición a agentes biológicos infecciosos en la infancia se asocia con un mayor riesgo de malignidad a través del curso de la vida, relacionado a la inmadurez fisiológica y la vulnerabilidad en las etapas críticas del desarrollo (65) . La IARC identificó agentes biológicos potencialmente carcinogénicos en humanos con características y comportamiento específicos dependiendo de las condiciones socioeconómicas que faciliten la infección durante la infancia (33) .…”

Dynamics of Whole Genome Instability in Hypermethylated Phenotypes in Oncogenesis as DNA Oscillatory De-Methylation and Methylation

“…The mechanistic control of active DNA demethylation is further contributory evidence for an involved course in the creation, paradoxically, of CpG Island methylation series of patterns that further constitute dimensions of repression of suppressor tumor genes in particular. A number of studies have reported the various types of cancer arising from epigenetic alteration, including epigenetic alterations occurring as a result of radiation exposure or infection [8]. Proposed increment in evolutionary control is linked intrinsically to an overall hypomethylation as borne out by dimensions of dynamic equilibrium between methylation and de-methylation.…”