Research Update: Overview of progress about efficiency and stability on perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Due to the high conversion efficiency, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cells are investigated for new practical energy resources for our future society. However, the perovskite solar cells have been quite unstable devices. In this manuscript, the history of perovskite solar cells is introduced, and then, the efforts to improve and understand the stability issue of perovskite solar cells are summarized.

Crystalline Clear or Not: Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Water in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[4,5,6,7] In the general perovskite formulation ABX 3 divalent metals B (i. e. Pb 2 + or Sn 2 + ) are used in combination with monovalent cations A (i. e. methylammonium (MA + ), formamidinium (FA + ), Cs + or Rb + ), and different monovalent anions X (Cl À , Br À and I À ). [11,12,13,14] These factors symbolise the fundamental elements of the degradation mechanisms in PSCs, shortening the longterm stability of these devices and occupying many of the articles on perovskite solar cells. [8,9,10] Even so, one of the most challenging issues in this topic is to develop a fabrication process robust enough to prevent the sensitivity of perovskite absorbers to atmospheric conditions: oxygen, light and water, either directly inside the precursor solution or indirectly as a moisture in the ambient (measured as relative humidity, % RH).…”

“…[8,9,10] Even so, one of the most challenging issues in this topic is to develop a fabrication process robust enough to prevent the sensitivity of perovskite absorbers to atmospheric conditions: oxygen, light and water, either directly inside the precursor solution or indirectly as a moisture in the ambient (measured as relative humidity, % RH). [11,12,13,14] These factors symbolise the fundamental elements of the degradation mechanisms in PSCs, shortening the longterm stability of these devices and occupying many of the articles on perovskite solar cells.…”

Strategies toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Several excellent reviews have been published with an extensive overview of the strategies developed for the enhancement of stability of PSCs . In this review, we would like to give a particular focus on the most recently developed mixed‐cation and mixed halide perovskites: triple cation perovskite, Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 and quadruple cation perovskite, Rb 0.05 (Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 .…”

Thermal Degradation Analysis of Sealed Perovskite Solar Cell with Porous Carbon Electrode at 100 °C for 7000 h

“…[5] However solar to electric performance of PSCs can be degraded during long-term operation, due to moisture, oxygen, light, heat and applied electric fields. [6][7][8] In addition, the metal electrodes can also cause the stability issue, due to the diffusion of perovskite species or metal electrode itself. [9,10] It is widely accepted that CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -based PSCs have inherent issues against moisture, and degradation can be observed with the long-term operation.…”