Research Trends of Inland Terminals: A Literature Review

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONSignificant increase in the world container trade over the past two decades has resulted in an increased capacity of container ships [1] and the capacity together with throughput of ports container terminals. This encourages the development of ports, primarily port equipment, technology, information and communication systems. The requirements for capacity expansion, investments in infrastructure and transport entities, reducing the negative environmental impact, and customer requirements for faster, more efficient and cheaper transportation of goods has become a product for new transport solutions development [3,4,5].Similarly, ports are faced with changes in their operations. Shippers require fast and efficient handling and reduction of container ships detention. This implies expansion of port capacity and implementation of new equipment, and high-quality connections to the hinterland. Additional requirements for fast and high-quality shipping to customers represents a major financial, organizational and operational requirement to which not all the world ports can respond.Changes in the present transport chain lead to the development of inland terminals. Inland terminals disburden port capacity on the one hand and on the other hand they become a competitive advantage for the less developed ports. This allows them better connections with the hinterland, directly attracting additional cargo. Inland terminals become an additional link in the present transport chain, while the use of intermodal transport technology enables acceleration of transport processes reducing the total transport costs. In the present transport chain, there have been changes in the mode of shipment from the manufacturer to the port and from the port to the end users (Figure 1). TOMISLAV ROŽIĆ, Ph.D. 1

Dry Port: A Review on Concept, Classification, Functionalities and Technological Processes

“…Therefore, following this theory one encounters several obstacles to the use of the expression "inland port" combined with that of "inland terminal", because in Europe many terminals located in the inland do not have access to a river and/or are not close to a productive area. Finally, they do not even have a throughput comparable to the American case [35].…”

“…Nonetheless, the most common terms used for describing such facilities are: "inland terminal", "dry port" and "inland port". They are frequently used in order to generically define inland terminals where various handling and value implementation activities are offered [33][34][35].…”

“…• a "concept" is based on a main idea or model on a theme. For example, the different taxonomy of dry ports; • "classification" is the action or process of classifying something by a specific characteristic such as distance from the seaport; • for "technological processes", the definition given by Rožić et al [35] is as follows: "Technological processes represent the activities at the terminal that are conducted with the aim of better quality of cargo handling, and which require appropriate technological elements and real-time work".…”

“…Services often are the key drivers of growth and profitability [45]. At port terminals the criteria for identifying and reaching these processes are clearly defined; at inland structures, however, they are still not studied sufficiently in depth and are not completely defined [35].…”

Natężenie ruchu żeglugowego na dolnej Wiśle na podstawie analizy śluzowań we Włocławku w latach 1997–2016

“…Port taki stanowiłby zaplecze dla portu morskiego w Gdańsku i Gdyni, co może rozwijać transport morsko-rzeczny. Pomyślna integracja portów morskich i terminali śródlądowych wymaga systematycznego podejścia (Rožić i in. 2016), które uwzględnia korzyści dla wszystkich zainteresowanych stron i poparta jest odpowiednią kalkulacją ekonomiczną.…”