Research trends of aqua medicines, drugs and chemicals (AMDC) in Bangladesh: the last decade's (2011-2020) story to tell

Abstract

Aquaculture medicines, drugs, and chemicals or simply AMDC, are critical in protecting aquaculture farmers from disease in farmed animals and economic losses. The AMDC is now a well-established industry in Bangladesh, and each year, new products that benefit farmers are launched. This review examined published research information on AMDC over the last decade (2011-2020) and discovered that 41 research publications from various parts of Bangladesh were published, citing the names of 1484 AMDC products. It was discovered that 19 generic antibiotics are well established and widely used in different regions' aquaculture, including shrimp aquaculture. Although some researchers expressed concern about the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, they believe that with proper withdrawal periods and the application of small doses, farmers may avoid economic losses. However, the pathway of the antibiotic introduction in aquaculture setup in Bangladesh was unknown to the researchers, through this review, we revealed the pathway of antibiotics introduction in aquaculture. Additionally, this review revealed that various AMDC products, including oxygen suppliers, growth promoter supplements, disinfectants, raw chemicals, probiotics, pond preparation and management AMDC, and toxic gas removal AMDC, are readily available in various markets throughout Bangladesh. The observation implied that research on the efficacy of various AMDC products in Bangladesh's agro-ecological zones could be conducted, which would aid researchers in deciphering the true nature of AMDC in sub-tropical climates. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 90-106

Status of disease prevalence, drugs and antibiotics usage in pond-based aquaculture at Narsingdi district, Bangladesh: A major public health concern and strategic appraisal for mitigation

“…We found a total of 30 brands of antibiotics were reported from the study area. A total of 58 antibiotics have been recorded from various parts of Bangladesh previously (Asif et al, 2021). Lulijwa et al (2020) studied antibiotic usage in key aquaculture-producing countries, including Bangladesh, and found that 19 antibiotics are used in Bangladeshi aquaculture.…”

“…Due to a lack of vaccination and good health management practices, disease problems in Bangladesh's aquaculture business remain unresolved. Experts advised that the fish vaccinations for disease resistance prevent death and economic loss (Assefa and Abunna, 2018), but in this region, this vaccination initiative needs a massive process, infrastructure, funding, and timeline (Asif et al, 2021). To combat fish diseases, farmers apply a variety of chemicals and medicines.…”

Usage pattern of chemicals, biologicals and veterinary medicinal products in Indian aquaculture

“…58 Earlier study reported the use of 530 g of antibiotics per tonne of salmon harvested during 2016; Florfenicol (82.5%) and OTC (16.8%) were the most frequently used antibiotics. 59 In order to address the issue of AMR due to use of antibiotics in food animal pro- Canada, [59][60][61][62] in Asian 20 and European aquaculture, 63 Bangladesh 16 and the global trend in use of antibiotics in aquaculture. 17,36…”

“…Generally, chemicals, nutritional supplements, probiotics, disinfectants, antimicrobials and antiparasitic agents are applied in aquaculture operations to maintain optimal environmental quality, improved health, growth, production and protection against microbial and parasitic diseases. Though the contribution of these interventions in achieving the higher production and economic sustainability of the sector is not questioned, concerns have been raised about their possible environmental accumulation and presence of residues in the edible tissue 7–19 . Non‐judicious use of disinfectants and antiparasitic agents might affect the non‐target organisms leading to potential ecological degradation 20 …”

“…Though the contribution of these interventions in achieving the higher production and economic sustainability of the sector is not questioned, concerns have been raised about their possible environmental accumulation and presence of residues in the edible tissue. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Non-judicious use of disinfectants and antiparasitic agents might affect the non-target organisms leading to potential ecological degradation. 20 The unmonitored use of antibiotics might augment the emergence of antibiotic resistance.…”