Research trends and agenda on the Belt and Road (B&amp;R) initiative with a focus on maritime transport

Lee, Paul Tae–Woo; Hu, Zhi‐Hua; Lee, Sang Jeong; Choi, Kyoung-Suk; Shin, Sung Ho

doi:10.1080/03088839.2017.1400189

Cited by 145 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Work on the implications of maritime portions of the route are ongoing (Lee et al. ; Qiu et al. ), although recent studies largely focus on carbon‐emission implications rather implications for marine and coastal diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ports frequently fall into key areas for migratory wading birds; thus, ineffective management and protection may lead to further declines in the 50 million migratory wading birds that use the East-Australasian Flyway annually (Li et al 2019). Work on the implications of maritime portions of the route are ongoing (Lee et al 2018;Qiu et al 2018), although recent studies largely focus on carbon-emission implications rather implications for marine and coastal diversity.…”

Section: Vulnerable Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Hughes

2019

Conservation Biology

128

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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) sets to create connections and build infrastructure across Eurasia, Asia, and parts of the African continent in its initial phase and is the largest infrastructure project of all time. Any infrastructure project on this scale will necessarily pass through ecofragile regions and key biodiversity areas (KBAs). This creates an imperative to identify possible areas of impact and probable effects on conservation values to facilitate adaptive planning and to mitigate, minimize, or avoid impacts. Using the highest resolution route maps of the BRI available, I overlaid the proposed road and rail routes on KBAs, protected areas, and predicted biodiversity hotspots for over 4138 animal and 7371 plant species. I also assessed the relationship between the proposed route with the distribution of mines across BRI countries and the proportion of deforestation and forest near routes. Infrastructure, especially mining, was clustered near the proposed route; thus, construction and development along the route may increase the size and number of mines. Up to 15% of KBAs were within 1 km of proposed railways. Thus, planned and probable development along the routes may pose a significant risk to biodiversity, especially because the majority of KBAs are unprotected. Many biodiversity hotspots for different taxa were near the route. These hotspots varied between taxa, making systematic management and environmental impact assessments an effective strategy for at least some taxa. A combination of planning and mitigation strategies will likely be necessary to protect the most important areas for biodiversity proximal to development, especially in currently unprotected KBAs and other regions that need protection. A fuller assessment of trade‐offs between conservation and other values will be necessary to make good decisions for each project and site being developed, including potentially modifying parts of the route to minimize impacts. Modification or foregoing of infrastructure may be needed if stakeholders consider the conservation costs too high.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vulnerable Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Hughes

2019

Conservation Biology

128

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“…Many scholars have conducted relevant researches on international transportation and logistics under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. For instance, Lee et al [7] analyzed the expected impacts of the BRI on trade and implications on structural changes in transportation systems, port networks, and international logistics. Seo et al [8] adopted a multimodal model to explore the various alternative routes for laptop exports from Chongqing, China to Rotterdam, the Netherlands.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

China Railway Express Subsidy Model Based on Game Theory under “the Belt and Road” Initiative

et al. 2020

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China Railway Express (CR Express) is an emerging freight transport mode between China and Europe, which provides a new option in addition to air transport and ocean shipping. At the initial stage of development, due to the higher freight costs compared to ocean shipping, the government subsidy provided for the China Railway Express operator plays an important role in the process of market cultivation. The original intention of the government subsidy was to promote the rapid and sustainable development of China Railway Express and the further subsidy scheme should encourage China Railway Express operators to act towards the expected goal of the local government. This research is devoted to modeling and solving the problem of optimal subsidy amount in the operation of China Railway Express. Firstly, a subsidy model is established with the consideration of different objectives of local government and China Railway Express operator, which are affected by the operational effort level of the China Railway Express operator, actual freight rate and the highest freight rate that the shipper is willing to pay. Then, the validity of the proposed model is analyzed in the case study of the China Railway Express line (Wuhan-Hamburg). The effects of different subsidy amounts on the social benefits of local government and profits of the China Railway Express operator are analyzed and the sensitivity analysis is carried on the operational effort level of China Railway Express operator and the highest freight rate that shipper is willing to pay. The analysis results show that the optimal subsidy amount is between 2000 and 2500 USD per Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit (FEU). Finally, suggestions are proposed according to the analysis results. These findings can provide useful references for promoting the sustainable development of China Railway Express.

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“…Arguing that the two port cities, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, are not two separate entities, but they are interdependent and cross-influential, Lam and Yap (Contribution 3) reviewed existing sustainability frameworks and conducted a stakeholder analysis for port city sustainable development by case study methodology, taking the cases of the two port cities in South China. The authors conclude that the stakeholders in both Guangzhou and Shenzhen aim to connect them to the Belt and Road Initiative, which provides vast opportunities in developing economic and transport connectivity along the Belt and Road in tandem with trade growth [28]. The port-city interface is not only driven by several external forces such as changes of port function, conflicts between the port authority and local government, environmental issues caused by port users' services and activities [29].…”

Section: Sustainability Issues In Shipping Port and Maritime Logisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, further studies on achievement, performance, and implementation of sustainability in the port sector are necessary to take into account port governance, port development strategy [30], port generation type [31], and port development doctrines [32,33] because they will influence implementation and policy of sustainability subject to the central government's role and intervention policy. Second, as far as case studies of sustainability in China are concerned, in the context of the BRI, they may have to consider economic and/or transport corridors covering intermodal transport and dry port [28,34,35]. Third, the introduction of ECAs into China is expected to accelerate studies on the ECAs referring to existing studies (e.g., Cullinane and Bergqvist [23]).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks With Future Research Agenda In Sustainabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Challenges in Maritime Transport and Logistics Industry and Its Way Ahead

2019

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Sustainability issues in the field of shipping, port and maritime logistics, commonly known as the maritime transport and logistics industry, have historically received less stakeholder attention as compared to aviation and overland freight sectors. However, as International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations on ships and port/city interaction has increased since 1997, the stakeholders in the industry have gradually started paying attention to sustainability issues, across all the sectors, such as, aviation, land transport, and supply chain. As a result, the industry has accumulated a significant body of academic research outcomes over the last two decades. This Special Issue aims to examine the various themes in recent sustainability studies, particularly relating to shipping, port, and maritime logistics, and identify and discuss the key topics emerging in sustainability in the industry. It will contribute to increasing industry stakeholders’ understanding of the current situation in sustainability, assist them in the design of appropriate managerial insights and help them develop appropriate sustainability policies for the industry.

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Research trends and agenda on the Belt and Road (B&R) initiative with a focus on maritime transport

Cited by 145 publications

References 48 publications

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

Understanding and minimizing environmental impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative

China Railway Express Subsidy Model Based on Game Theory under “the Belt and Road” Initiative

Sustainability Challenges in Maritime Transport and Logistics Industry and Its Way Ahead

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