Research Techniques for High Pressure and High Temperature

Abstract

PREFACEWithin the last two decades, the experimental technology for the study of high temperature solid-vapor and liquid-vapor equilibria has mushroomed so fast that· both academic and industrial researchers desirous of working in this field --be they physical chemists, metallurgists, ceramists, petrologists, crystal chemists, or members of any of the several branches of materials science --find themselves in the situation that in order to learn the art of the latest techniques, a period of apprenticeship or residency needs be spent at an institution or laboratory currently engaged in this type of solid-vapor or liquid-vapor research. The techniques for control of the vapor phase at total pressures of one atmosphere or greater have not been well defined in the literature.Therefore, the purpose of this volume will be to serve as a laboratory manual for the control, calibration, and measurement of high temperature-high pressure equilibria.

A high pressure, high temperature gas medium apparatus to measure acoustic velocities during deformation of rock

“…Sealing of the piston and pressure autocompensation is achieved using 6 sets of annular Bridgman seals (Bridgman, 1914;Griggs, 1936;Holloway, 1971;Tullis and Tullis, 1986), which are combined with a network of bores to distribute or vent the confining gas. Bridgman seals in this configuration, which follow the descriptions of Griggs (1936), and comprise a stack of 3 mitre rings which sandwich a single nitrile O-ring (figure 3).…”

“…An internal furnace is used to heat samples, which is of the form of an annular stainless steel (80 mm OD, 17.4 mm ID), and follows the design of previous workers (Paterson, 1970;Holloway, 1971;Paterson, 1990). Two windings of Kanthal A1 wire (Al5.8Cr22Fe72.2) are positioned along the alumina furnace core, and are wired in series (figure 2c).…”

“…FIG.3. Detailed sectional scale sketch of annular Bridgman seals followingGriggs (1936) andHolloway (1971), Fe = mild steel and P-bronze = phosphor bronze. See text for full description of sealing configuration.…”